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Chemistry > Halogens > Flashcards

Halogens Flashcards

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1
Q

What letter often represents a halogen

A

X

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2
Q

What outer shell configurations do all group 7 have

A

P5

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3
Q

What state do all natural group 7 elements exists as

A

Diatomic molecules
Single cov bond

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4
Q

Covalent radius trend down group 7

A

Increases
More electrons
More electron shells
Take up more space

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5
Q

Ionisation energy trend going down group 7

A

Decreases
Outer electron further from nucleus
Less ESA
Easier to remove

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6
Q

Electron affinity trend down group 7

A

Decreases
Expect F (lower than Cl)

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7
Q

Ionic radius down group trend group 7

A

Increases

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8
Q

Electronegativity trend down group 7

A

Decreases
I same as C (C-I basically non-polar)

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9
Q

F2 state, appearance room temp, aqueous solutions, dissolved hydrocarbon solvent

A

Pale yellow gas
Virtuallly colourless
Virtually colourless

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10
Q

Cl2 state, appearance room temp, aqueous solutions, dissolved hydrocarbon solvent

A

Green gas, virtually colourless, pale yellow

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11
Q

Br2 state, appearance room temp, aqueous solutions, dissolved hydrocarbon solvent

A

Red/brown liquid, yellow, orange

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12
Q

I2 state, appearance room temp, aqueous solutions, dissolved hydrocarbon solvent

A

Grey metal looking solid, orange/brown, purple

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13
Q

Group 7 solubility

A

Non-polar molecules
High solubility in no-polar solvents
Limited solubility in water

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14
Q

Bubble Cl2 gas through water

A

Makes chlorine water
Mixture of dissolved Cl2 and disproportionation between Cl2 and H2O

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15
Q

NaHOCl (aq)

A

Bleach

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16
Q

Why do halogens dissolve in hydrocarbon solvent and what colour do they take on

A

Both non-polar molecules
Cl- green/yellow
Br- brown/orange
I- purple

17
Q

How does iodine dissolve in water

A

In a KI solution
I2(s) + I-(aq) —> I3-(aq)

18
Q

What do all halogens act as and then become

A

Oxidising agents
Become halides

19
Q

Oxidisation power trend group 7

A

Decreases down group

20
Q

What do all halide ions act as and then become

A

Reducing agents
Halogens

21
Q

Reducing power trend group 7

A

Increases down group

22
Q

Describe a test for halide ions

A

Nitric acid (remove carbonate ions, misleading white ppte)
Silver nitrate form..
White ppte - chloride
Cream ppte - bromide
Yellow ppte - iodide

23
Q

Another test for halide ions

A

Add dilute ammonia solution
Cl- dissolves
Add conc ammonia solution
Br- dissolves
I- never dissolves

24
Q

Litmus hydrogen halide test

A

Turn damp blue litmus red

25
Q

How do halogens react with ammonia gas

A

Make ammonium halide compound
Ionic solid
White smoke

26
Q

Can hydrogen halides dissolve in water

A

Yes
Disassociate
Acidic solutions
Every HCl disassociated: strong acid

27
Q

Hydronium/hydroxonium ion

A

H3O+
Shown as H+

28
Q

Potassium halide reactions with sulfuric acid

A

Chlorines
KCl(s) + H2SO4(aq) —> KHSO4(s) + HCl(g)

Bromines
KBr(s) + H2SO4(aq) —> KHSO4(s) + HBr(g)
HBr reduces S from +6 to +4
2HBr(g) = H2SO4(aq) —> Br2(g) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Iodines
No HI survives, reduces S from +6 to 0/-2
8HI(g) + H2SO4(aq) —> H2S(g) + 4I2(g) + 4H2O(l)

29
Q

Carbonate ion test

A

Add acid
Fizzing
CO2 produced
Bubble through limewater colourless —> cloudy
Solid or solution

30
Q

Sulfate ion test

A

HCl, react with carbonate ions that might give a false positive
Add barium chloride solution
White ppte

31
Q

Ammonium ions test

A

Add sodium hydroxide
Gently heat
Damp red litmus over gas
Turns blue
Ammonia is a base
Makes white smoke with HCl vapour

32
Q

Halates and oxidation numbers

A

+1 ClO- (I)
+3 ClO2- (III)
+5 ClO3- (V)
+7 ClO4- (VII)

33
Q

Halate oxidising power trend

A

Produce halogen or halide
Increase ox number, increase oxidising power

34
Q

Halogens with cold aqueous hydroxide
Then heated

A

Cl2 + 2OH- —> ClO- + Cl- + H2O
3ClO- —> ClO3- + 2Cl-
3Cl2 + 6OH- —> ClO3- + 5Cl- + 3H2O
Disproportionation easier down group, lower temp needed

Chemistry (24 decks)

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