Amounts Of Susbtances Flashcards

1
Q

Define a mole

A

Amount of a substance that contains the same number of elementary particles as 12g of carbon-12

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2
Q

Avagadro’s number

A

6.02 X10*23

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3
Q

Valency definition

A

Ionic charge

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4
Q

Coefficient

A

Large ratio number in front of a compound

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5
Q

Subscript

A

Small number at bottom of compound element to show how many atoms of that element there are

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6
Q

Hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3 charge

A

-1

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7
Q

Phosphate ion charge PO4

A

-3

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8
Q

What does ide indicate

A

2 elements bonded
Sodium sulfide
Eg. Na2S

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9
Q

What does age indicate

A

3 elements bonded
Sodium nitrate
Eg. NaNO3

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10
Q

What does ite indicate

A

1 less oxygen than ate
Sodium nitrite
NaNO2

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11
Q

How to find ionic equations

A

Split aq compounds into ions and cancel

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12
Q

Hydroxide ionic equation

A

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) —> H2O(l)

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13
Q

Carbonate ionic equation

A

H+(aq) + CO3*2-(aq) —> H2O(l) + CO2(g)

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14
Q

Hydrogen carbonate ionic equation

A

H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) —> H2O(l) + CO2(g)

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15
Q

Ammonia ionic equation

A

H+(aq) + NH3(aq) —> NH4+(aq)

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16
Q

How do ionic compounds dissolve in water

A

Positive and negative ions separate and become hydrated

17
Q

Which ionic compounds are soluble (5)

A

Group 1
Ammonium
Nitrates
Chlorides (not Ag, Pb)
Sulphates (not Ca, Ba, Pb, Sr)

18
Q

Insoluble ionic compounds (3)

A

Carbonates
Hydroxides
Oxides
(Not PANNa)

19
Q

Aqueous solution definition

A

No. Moles dissolved per dm3 solution
No. Grams dissolved per dm3 solution

20
Q

What does m represent in the molar gas equation

A

Space occupied by 1 gaseous mole

21
Q

Standard conditions

A

273K/0°C
100KPa
22.4 dm3/mol

22
Q

Room conditions

A

293/20°C
100KPa
24 dm3/mol

23
Q

Gas volume rule

A

Equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules

24
Q

Ideal gas equation

A

PV = nRT
P - pressure (Pa)
V - volume (m3)
n - moles (mol)
R - gas constant (8.31J/K/mol)
T - temperature (K)

25
Q

°C —> K

A

+273

26
Q

1atm —> Pa

A

X100,000

27
Q

Cm3 —> m3

A

X1,000,000

28
Q

Dm3 —> m3

A

/1000

29
Q

What is atom economy

A

Measure if the proportion of reactant atoms that become part of the desired product

30
Q

Atom economy equation

A

RFM desired products / total RFM of reactants or products X100
Used balanced equation

31
Q

Advantages of a good atom economy

A

Efficient, low production cost
More product to sell
Less waste, less disposal cost
Less waste, better for environment
More availability, lower prices

32
Q

Percentage yield equation

A

Actual amount of product/ theoretical X100

33
Q

Reasons for low percentage yield

A

Reversible reaction
Unexpected reaction/product
Lost in handling/left in apparatus
Not completely pure
Difficult to separate products