Nigeria Case Study (Unit 2B) Flashcards
Location
- Central Africa, north of the Equator
- North to the South Atlantic Ocean
- South to Niger and to the West of Cameroon
Regional importance
- Large migrant population increases cultural diversity
- Well connected to other towns making it important for trade
Global importance
- 21st largest economy
- 7th largest population
- 12th largest oil producer
Political context
- Achieved independence from the UK in 1960 but then experienced political instability until around 1999
- Had free and fair elections in 20011 and 2015
- Investments have been made from China and the USA
Social context
- Multi-culture, multi-faith society
- Social diversity has lead to regional conflicts and power struggles
Cultural context
- One of the largest film industries (Nollywood)
- Social diversity has lead to a rich, varied artistic culture and music
Environmental Context
- In the south high rainfall promotes tree crop (cocoa, rubber, palm oil)
- In the north reduced rainfall promotes field crops (cotton, groundnuts)
- Semi dessert conditions in the far North
Changing industrial structure
- The economy previously dominated by agriculture
- Rapid industrialisation has lead to 50% coming from manufacturing and services
- Oil and gas is significant to the economy as it lead to massive forge in investments
How does manufacturing lead to economic growth?
- Increases employment
- Attracts foreign investments
- Stimulates growth of service s sector (finance etc..)
- Encourages growth of linked industry (e.g. supply raw materials)
Shell in Nigeria
- Shell is a huge oil company (which exports 21% of world oil)
- They extract, refine and sell the oil
Pros of Shell
- Provides jobs for locals
- Higher wages
- Tax is given to the government to develop
- Improve amenities in the area (e.g. roads and elec)
Cons of Shell
- Jobs often have low wages and exploit civil rights
- Oil spills damage the environment
- Profits are sent to HQ not the host country
Political relations within the wider world
- Links are growing with China ($12billion investment)
- Joined the Commonwealth (links with the UK)
- Leading role in African economics and African Union
Trading relations within the wider world
- Imports: EU & USA (oil), Brazil (cars) and China
- Exports: EU (50%) oil gas rubber, Crude oil to India and China
Multilateral Aid
Given to countries through international organisations (e.g. world bank)
Bilateral Aid
Given directly from one country to another
Voluntary Aid
Given by individuals and companies, distributed by charities
Short Term Emergency Relief
Cope with immediate issues asked by disasters
Long term development assistance
Helps improve lives through education, healthcare etc…
Official development assistance (ODA)
Given by governments and paid for by taxes
Impacts of aid on Nigeria
- Bilateral: £1.14 billion from the UK (2013-18)
- Voluntary/ODA: companies provided mosquito nets
- Multilateral: €57.8million given by the EU Humanitarian funding (water, hygiene, food, shelter)
Environmental impacts of Economic Development
- Mining and oil extraction: Serious oil spills and fires causing damages to aquatic ecosystems and toxic fumes in the environment
- Industrial development: Deforestation of 80% of forests, chimneys emit poisonous gases
- Urban growth: Large areas taken by industrial development or squatter settlements
Effects of economic development on quality of life
- Life expectancy increases
- increased access to safe water
- 38% people have internet
- 70% of people have a phone subscription plan
- more people are expected to stay in schools
