Liverpool Case Study (Unit 2A) Flashcards
Distributions of major UK cities
Most major UK cities. are in the South or along the coasts of the UK (e.g. London and Liverpool)
Location of Liverpool
Liverpool is located on the East coast of the UK, to the east of Manchester
Importance of Liverpool
UK: £3.2Billion to the economy and second largest city in the north-west, contributes to the manufacturing industry
Globally: capital of culture and pop (£358 million in tourism), location allows it to easily ship goods worldwide
Impacts of national migration
- Welsh immigrants came in the early 1700s/1800s attracted by developing industry
- 2 million people migrated from Ireland in the 1845 Irish famine
- 75% of liverpool have Irish ancestory
Impacts of international migration
- Ships import products from around the world for over 300 years
- Ethnically diverse (1 in 8 people from an ethnic minority)
- Uk’s oldest African community is in Liverpool
Urban Change Opportunities (Social)
- Cultural mix, range of foods and festivals that attract more people
- Over £1billion pound spent regenerating city centre to make Liverpool One
- Integrated transport with prepaid cards encourages public transport and reduces congestion
Urban Change Opportunities (Economic)
Combined tourism and services provide over 160,000 jobs
Urban Change Opportunities (Environment)
- Urban greening, decline in industy left many areas rundown with wasteland plans are made to preserve these spaces (5 acre park in Liverpool One)
- Cycle lanes, used to encourage people to get out of cars and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Urban Change Challenges (Environmental)
- As wealthy people left the inner city buildings where abandoned (derelict) and vandalism increased in many areas
- As population increases, people produce more waste which there is less space to store
- Pressure to increase on greenfield areas increases, this destroys natural habitats; brownfield sites are better to build on but need to be cleared and decontaminated first
Urban Change Challenges (Social & Economic)
- Industrial decline in the 20th century left much of Liverpool very deprived
- As old housing is replaced with new, many people cannot afford to still live there forcing them to leave
- Many children in deprived areas have no qualifications and low incomes so high unemployment
- Unhealthy lifestyles are common in deprived areas (drinking, smoking, poor diet)
Impacts of Urban sprawl on rural-urban fringe
- Large housing estates built on rural Greenfield, destroying green spaces and ecosystems
- Out of town developments take advantage of cheap accessible land outside the city but this leads to loss of rural land and congestion
Commuter settlements
places in the rural urban fringe where most people leave the town each day to work somewhere else
- more congestion
- house prices increase (people can’t afford it)
- Business may suffer as people would spend money where they work as they’re there more often
The Anfield Project
Anfield was one of the most deprived areas in England:
- homes where mostly derelict,
- high unemployment,
- criminal activity
- vandalism
Over £260million was invested to regenerate Anfield
The Anfield Projects Features (Social & economic)
- Over 300 houses refurbished, plans for 600 more
- New health centre and school opened
- New high street planned (with a £10million hotel), business are encouraged to stay/join
The Anfield Projects Features (Environmental)
- Stanley park, has improved footpaths, replaced dead trees and resurfaced car park
- £4.5million pound scheme was put into place to narrow roads and create tree lined pavements
