Economic features in the UK (Unit 2B) Flashcards
Deindustrialisation (economic change)
The decline of traditional manufacturing industry (due to the exhaustion of raw materials or higher costs)
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Coal industry shut down, machines used in agriculture
Globalisation (economic change)
the process by which global links between people and places are established (through trade and politics
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crops imported from LICs, NEE open their countries to global business (China)
Government policies (economic change)
The UK government controls the countries spendings each year by producing budgets for things like: transport, mimimum wages, education etc…
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Pollution laws, minimum wages, civil rights
(Post-industrial economy) Development of IT
The IT industry is worth £58 billion, employs over 670,000 people and over 80million mobile subscriptions (worth £14 billion)
(Post-industrial economy) Service industries
Makes up 3/4 of the Uk economy, like retail which employs 4 million people
(Post-industrial economy) Finance
The Uk is home to many financial institutions and jobs such as banks, investments and pensions (like Barclays and HSBC)
(Post-industrial economy) Research
Over £33 billion was spent on research and development (R&D), makes use of new graduates skills
(Post-industrial economy) Science and business parks
Areas of land with businesses and scientists usually located on the outskirts of cities near university campuses
Torr Quarry
One of few (8) quarries left in England.
It’s located in South-West England and found west of Wales
How is Torr Quarry Sustainable?
- Area is being restored to create wildlife lakes
- 200 acres has been landscaped to blend in with local countryside
- Regular monitoring of sound, vibrations, water quality and airborne emissions
- Uses rail transport to reduce disturbance in roads and villages
- Located closely to export areas so less is spent on transport and less C emissions
Improvements in Roads
Motorways are increasing capacity by switching to smart motorways which have more lanes
Improvements in Railways
Cross rail is planned to increase Londons capacity by 10% links London, Birmingham and Leeds
Improvements in Airports
A third runway is proposed at Heathrow airport which would allow an extra 700 planes a day
Improvements in Ports
London gateway is located at the mouth of Thames and can handle the worlds largest shipping containers
The North-South divide
The decline of manufacturing industry (which was prominently in the North) lead to economic benefits for those in the south. Leading to the North having worse situations (unemployment, money) then the south which has more money and opportunities
North Somerset (population growth)
- A mainly rural area in South West England
- 7.8% population increase from 2005 to 2015
- Moved too get easy access to Bristol
Economic impacts in North Somerset
- Improved employment and wages
- House price increase (6.7%)
Social impacts in North Somerset
- Schools oversubscribed as more families move in
- Congested roads (to Bristol)
- Increased pressure on healthcare (elderly move in)
Cumbria (population decline)
- A rural county in North West England
- 0.8% population decrease from 2005 to 2015 (some areas with 4.3%
Economic impacts in Cumbria
- Increasing unemployment
- Declining manufacturing and agricultural jobs
- Shops closing (game station) and others at risk (M&S)
Social impacts in Cumbria
- Fewer school age kids, schools at risk of closure
- Young people leave so a higher proportion of elderly people are left putting a strain on medical and social services
(Reducing the development gap) Devolving powers
When the UK provides more power to smaller countries, or major cities (Manchester) within the UK (e.g. tax control or public transport)
(Reducing the development gap) Enterprise zones
An area dedicated to business development which is given many financial benefits
(e.g. reduced tax, simpler planning rules, improved infrastructure [super fast broadband] and lower utility bills)
(Reducing the development gap) Levelling up funding
Provides government funding to poorer areas of the UK for funding to be accepted for local projects (aimed to increase prosperity and job opportunities)
