NIFE Weather 6-4-1 Planning and Resources

Question 1

Define flight visibility

Answer 1

Average forward horizontal distance from cockpit in SM at which a pilot can see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects at night.

Question 2

Define prevailing visibility

Answer 2

Greatest horizontal visibility in SM, equaled or exceeded throughout over half a horizontal, circular area; may not be continuous

Question 3

Define slant range visibility.

Answer 3

The distance on final approach at which the runway environment is in sight.

Difficult to estimate from the ground.

Only known from the pilot or NFO viewing the runway from the cockpit

Question 4

Define runway visual range (RVR)

Answer 4

The horizontal distance, expressed in hundreds of feet or meters, a pilot will see by looking down the runway from the approach end. The most important when IFR

Question 5

Describe the sky coverage terms that define a ceiling

Answer 5

Judged by altitude (multiple levels of clouds)
Clear 0/8
Few >0/8 to 2/8
Scattered 3/8-4/8
Broken 5/8-7/8
Overcast 8/8
Obscured (fog) 8/8

Question 6

Describe the use of Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)

Answer 6

• Used to supplement ground station weather observations
• Required: ceiling at or below 5000’ AGL, Visibility at or below 5 statute miles, thunderstorms or related phenomena, light icing or greater, moderate turbulence or greater, wind shears

Question 7

Describe In-Flight Weather Advisories

Answer 7

• AIRMETs and SIGMETs available on ADDS website and provide info on potential hazardous weather
• Shows 3000sq miles, accounts for turbulence, icing, visibility less than 3 miles, and volcanic ash clouds

Question 8

Describe the use of Surface Analysis Charts

Answer 8

• Depicts pressure centers, fronts, and barometric pressure lines
• Shows Observed weather, meaning that the chart represents past history, and is not a forcast

Question 9

Describe prognostic charts

Answer 9

Available on the prog charts section of the NOAA aviation digital data service site. Include the latest surface analysis along with multiple forecasts for up to a week

Question 10

Interpret Surface Analysis Charts

Answer 10

• Valid time (VT) is observed time of the information and is given in UTC at top right
• Isobars are at 4-millibar intervals
• The observed barometric pressure at pressure centers are also shown

Question 11

Describe the use of Weather Prognostic Charts

Answer 11

• Available on NOAA Aviation Digital Data Service (ADDS) site
• Include latest surface analysis along with multiple forecasts for up to a week
• Predicted positions of fronts and pressure centers, as well as forecasted weather across the country

Question 12

Identify the information displayed on station models

Answer 12

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Question 13

Describe the use of METARs in flight planning

Answer 13

• Aviation Routine Weather Report
• Most widely used for interpreting weather and forecasts (teletype)
• Uses only letters and numbers
• Determines if field conditions are IFR or VFR
• Used to determine weather trends

Question 14

Describe the use of TAFs in flight planning

Answer 14

• Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts
• Shows surface forecast weather conditions (helps with planning IFR/VFR)
• Shows everything METARs does plus wind shear, temperature, icing, and turbulence groups

Question 15

Interpret forecast weather conditions from a TAF

Answer 15

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Question 16

Describe displayed data METARs)

Answer 16

-Scheduled observations taken 55-59 minutes past the hour and used in flight planning to determine areas of IFR/VFR and to determine the min ceilings en route

Question 17

Advisory: WW

Answer 17

Severe Weather Watch

Question 18

Advisory: AWW

Answer 18

Alert weather watch

Question 19

Advisory: WS

Answer 19

SIGMET

Question 20

Advisory: UWS

Answer 20

Urgent SIGMET

Question 21

Advisory: WST

Answer 21

Convective SIGMET (thunderstorms)

Question 22

Advisory: WA

Answer 22

AIRMET

Question 23

Describe the use of Winds-Aloft Forecasts

Answer 23

• Wind coding rules 1: 4-6 digit groups/left column (reporting station) top row(altitude in feet MSL)
• Wind is 4 digit/first 2 are true wind direction and the last two are wind in knots. e.g. 1733 is a 170T/33kts
• Temperature is added with a + or - the temperature in Celsius and above 24000’ all temperatures are negative so the - is dropped i.e. 251744 is 250T/17kts/-44C

Question 24

Exceptions to Winds Aloft Forecasts

Answer 24

• 99 in direction is variable wind direction
• Less than 5kts is listed as 9900
• Above 100kts is shown by adding 500T to the direction and subtracting 100kts from the velocity. 7409 is 240T/109kts
• Wind is never forecasted within 1500’ AGL
• Temp is never forecasted within 2500’ AGL

Question 25

Describe the use of ground based weather Radar

Answer 25

- NEXRAD measures the energy return from the precipitation particles and converts it to color readings - Can also show Tornadoes, Hail, Wind shear, and microburst

Question 26

Describe the use of satellite imagery

Answer 26

- Satellites provide type and height of clouds as well as temperature and cloud layers - Infrared: Heat radiation from clouds and the Earth - Visible: Shows clouds and the Earth reflecting sunlight back to the satellite

Question 27

Describe Severe Weather Watch messages

Answer 27

- Issued as required - Given in local time WW is required for: - Tornadoes - Severe thunderstorms - - 50 kts of wind or greater - - 3/4 inch diameter hail

Question 28

List the methods of obtaining weather briefings

Answer 28

- DD-175-1 - Winds-Aloft Prognostic Chart - METAR and/or TAF - ADDS site

Question 29

State the requirements for obtaining a pre-flight weather briefing

Answer 29

- Forecast for ETA + and - one hour at destination - Forecast at take off and en route - Must be DoD certified - Must be within 3 hours or 30 minutes of ETD