NIFE FR&R 5-2-1 VFR/IFR Flashcards
2.1 DESCRIBE runway orientation
Runway numbers are determined from the direction an aircraft approaches
Runways are numbered in relation to the magnetic direction of their centerline rounded off to the nearest ten degrees
- E.g. a runway running east and west when approached from the west (heading 090°) would be runway 09
Aldis lamp signals
Aldis Lamp Signals: A hand held, variable color, directional light located in the control tower Used in the event of lost communication
Location signs
Location signs: identify the taxiway or runway on which an aircraft is located or other important boundaries.
Taxiway designation signs use yellow letters and a yellow border on a black background - Begin with letter.
Runway location signs use yellow letters and a yellow border on a black background and indicate runway number - Only number
waveoff signals
Tells the pilot “DO NOT LAND”
Mandatory except in an emergency
Visual Wind/Landing Indicators:
Wind direction is important because pilots takeoff and land into the wind
- windcone, windsock, or wind tee
- Tetrahedron
Approach Light System (ALS)
- provides the basic means to transition from instrument flgith to visual flight for landing
- starting at the landing threshold and extending into the approach area for 2,400 to 3,000’ for precision instrument runways and 1,400 to 1,500’ for non-precision runways
visual glideslope indicators
pilot aides used to maintain optimum glideslope alignment during the visual phase of landing
Visual Approach Slide Indicator (VASI):
- When approaching at the right angle the first set of lights appears white and the second set appears red
Precision Approach Path Indicatior (PAPI):
Lights are install in a single row of either two or four
Lights are visable from about 5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles at night
Runway edge light system
- used to outline the edges of the runways during periods of darkness or restricted visibility
- Sides of the runway are outlined in white runway edge lights
Lights marking the end of the runway are green on one side and red on the other
Touchdown zone lighting (TDZL)
consists of two rows of white light bars on both sides of the runway centerline that extend approx. 3,000’ down the runway or to the midpoint of the runway length, whichever is less
Runway centerline Lighting (RCLS
spaced at 50 foot intervals along the centerline of the runway
Viewed from the landing threshold they are white until the last 3,000’ of the runway
For the next 2,000’ the lights alternate red and white
For the last 1,000’ the lights are red
Taxiway turnoff lights
Outlined in Blue with green center lights which define a curved path leading to the centerline of an intersecting taxiway
Taxiway lights
taxiways are outlined with blue lights and taxiway centerline lights are green in color and evenly spaced along the taxiway centerline
Obstruction lights:
obstructions are lighted with white high-intensity strobes or red flashing or steady lights
Airport (Rotating) Beacon
indicate the position or location of a lighted airport at night
Have a green and white light, 180° apart
Civilian airport: solid white light alternating with solid green
Military airport: dual-peaked (two-quick) white flashes alternating with a solid green flash
On from sunset to sunrise and sometimes during daylight hours when visibility is restricted
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC)
meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minimum. VMC are flight weather conditions
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)
meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minima specified for VMC. According to CNAF M-37101.7, IMC also exist any time a visible horizon is not distinguishable
Visual flight rules (VFR)
rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions
Used in U.S. to indicate weather conditions equal to or greater than minimum VFR requirements, which are 1000/3
Indicates the rules an airport is operating under
Indicates a type of flight plan
Instrument flight rules (IFR)
the rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under instrument conditions
Used in U.S. to indicated weather conditions less than the minimum VFR requirements
Indicates the rules an airport is operating under
Indicates a type of flight plan
IFR flight plans can be conducted in either VMC or IMC
2.4 IDENTIFY the principle of see and avoid
When weather conditions permit, regardless of flight plan type, pilots are required to observe the presence of, and maneuver to avoid, other aircraft
All aircraft shall request radar advisory services when available
weather requirements for VFR flight
Take off: the ceiling at the point of departure must be at least 1,000’ AGL and the prevailing visibility must be 3 SM or greater
En route: maintain VMC throughout flight, per the weather criteria for the classification of airspace being flown in
Destination: weather minimums must also be 1,000’/ 3 SM (or above established minimums) and be forecast to remain so for a period of one hour before to one hour after the estimated time of arrival (ETA +/- 1 hour)
IDENTIFY the alternatives if en route weather is less than required for VFR flight (on test)
Alter route of flight so as to continue under VMC, or
Remain in VMC until a change of flight plan is filed and IFR clearance is obtained, or
Remain in VMC and land at a suitable alternative
IDENTIFY the general requirements for IFR
to decrease the probability of midair collisions, all flights in naval aircraft shall be conducted in accordance with instrument flight rules to the maximum extent practicable
Shall include all point-to-point and round-robin flights using federal airways and other flights or portions thereof
All other portions of flights shall be conducted under positive control to the maximum extent possible
ATC Clearance Requirement
Flights shall not be made in IFR conditions within controlled airspace until an ATC clearance has been obtained
IDENTIFY the rules concerning VFR and IFR cruising altitudes
Compasses are divided in to two general directions
0° - 179° (magnetic heading) = east
180° - 359° (magnetic heading) = west
For flights above 3,000’ AGL and below 18,000’ MSL with magnetic course of:
0° - 179°: odd thousand foot MSL altitude plus 500’ (3,500, 5,500, 9,500, etc.)
180° - 359°: even thousand foot MSL altitude plus 500’ (4,500, 6,500, 10,500, etc.)
MAGNETIC COURSE, NOT HEADING
