NIFE FR&R 5-2-1 VFR/IFR

Question 1

2.1 DESCRIBE runway orientation

Answer 1

Runway numbers are determined from the direction an aircraft approaches

Runways are numbered in relation to the magnetic direction of their centerline rounded off to the nearest ten degrees
- E.g. a runway running east and west when approached from the west (heading 090°) would be runway 09

Question 2

Aldis lamp signals

Answer 2

Aldis Lamp Signals: A hand held, variable color, directional light located in the control tower Used in the event of lost communication

Question 3

Location signs

Answer 3

Location signs: identify the taxiway or runway on which an aircraft is located or other important boundaries.

Taxiway designation signs use yellow letters and a yellow border on a black background - Begin with letter.

Runway location signs use yellow letters and a yellow border on a black background and indicate runway number - Only number

Question 4

waveoff signals

Answer 4

Tells the pilot “DO NOT LAND”

Mandatory except in an emergency

Question 5

Visual Wind/Landing Indicators:

Answer 5

Wind direction is important because pilots takeoff and land into the wind

• windcone, windsock, or wind tee
• Tetrahedron

Question 6

Approach Light System (ALS)

Answer 6

• provides the basic means to transition from instrument flgith to visual flight for landing
• starting at the landing threshold and extending into the approach area for 2,400 to 3,000’ for precision instrument runways and 1,400 to 1,500’ for non-precision runways

Question 7

visual glideslope indicators

Answer 7

pilot aides used to maintain optimum glideslope alignment during the visual phase of landing
Visual Approach Slide Indicator (VASI):
- When approaching at the right angle the first set of lights appears white and the second set appears red

Precision Approach Path Indicatior (PAPI):
Lights are install in a single row of either two or four
Lights are visable from about 5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles at night

Question 8

Runway edge light system

Answer 8

• used to outline the edges of the runways during periods of darkness or restricted visibility
• Sides of the runway are outlined in white runway edge lights
  Lights marking the end of the runway are green on one side and red on the other

Question 9

Touchdown zone lighting (TDZL)

Answer 9

consists of two rows of white light bars on both sides of the runway centerline that extend approx. 3,000’ down the runway or to the midpoint of the runway length, whichever is less

Question 10

Runway centerline Lighting (RCLS

Answer 10

spaced at 50 foot intervals along the centerline of the runway
Viewed from the landing threshold they are white until the last 3,000’ of the runway
For the next 2,000’ the lights alternate red and white
For the last 1,000’ the lights are red

Question 11

Taxiway turnoff lights

Answer 11

Outlined in Blue with green center lights which define a curved path leading to the centerline of an intersecting taxiway

Question 12

Taxiway lights

Answer 12

taxiways are outlined with blue lights and taxiway centerline lights are green in color and evenly spaced along the taxiway centerline

Question 13

Obstruction lights:

Answer 13

obstructions are lighted with white high-intensity strobes or red flashing or steady lights

Question 14

Airport (Rotating) Beacon

Answer 14

indicate the position or location of a lighted airport at night
Have a green and white light, 180° apart
Civilian airport: solid white light alternating with solid green
Military airport: dual-peaked (two-quick) white flashes alternating with a solid green flash
On from sunset to sunrise and sometimes during daylight hours when visibility is restricted

Question 15

Visual meteorological conditions (VMC)

Answer 15

meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minimum. VMC are flight weather conditions

Question 16

Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)

Answer 16

meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minima specified for VMC. According to CNAF M-37101.7, IMC also exist any time a visible horizon is not distinguishable

Question 17

Visual flight rules (VFR)

Answer 17

rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions
Used in U.S. to indicate weather conditions equal to or greater than minimum VFR requirements, which are 1000/3
Indicates the rules an airport is operating under
Indicates a type of flight plan

Question 18

Instrument flight rules (IFR)

Answer 18

the rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under instrument conditions
Used in U.S. to indicated weather conditions less than the minimum VFR requirements
Indicates the rules an airport is operating under
Indicates a type of flight plan
IFR flight plans can be conducted in either VMC or IMC

Question 19

2.4 IDENTIFY the principle of see and avoid

Answer 19

When weather conditions permit, regardless of flight plan type, pilots are required to observe the presence of, and maneuver to avoid, other aircraft

All aircraft shall request radar advisory services when available

Question 20

weather requirements for VFR flight

Answer 20

Take off: the ceiling at the point of departure must be at least 1,000’ AGL and the prevailing visibility must be 3 SM or greater

En route: maintain VMC throughout flight, per the weather criteria for the classification of airspace being flown in

Destination: weather minimums must also be 1,000’/ 3 SM (or above established minimums) and be forecast to remain so for a period of one hour before to one hour after the estimated time of arrival (ETA +/- 1 hour)

Question 21

IDENTIFY the alternatives if en route weather is less than required for VFR flight (on test)

Answer 21

Alter route of flight so as to continue under VMC, or

Remain in VMC until a change of flight plan is filed and IFR clearance is obtained, or

Remain in VMC and land at a suitable alternative

Question 22

IDENTIFY the general requirements for IFR

Answer 22

to decrease the probability of midair collisions, all flights in naval aircraft shall be conducted in accordance with instrument flight rules to the maximum extent practicable

Shall include all point-to-point and round-robin flights using federal airways and other flights or portions thereof

All other portions of flights shall be conducted under positive control to the maximum extent possible

Question 23

ATC Clearance Requirement

Answer 23

Flights shall not be made in IFR conditions within controlled airspace until an ATC clearance has been obtained

Question 24

IDENTIFY the rules concerning VFR and IFR cruising altitudes

Answer 24

Compasses are divided in to two general directions
0° - 179° (magnetic heading) = east
180° - 359° (magnetic heading) = west

For flights above 3,000’ AGL and below 18,000’ MSL with magnetic course of:
0° - 179°: odd thousand foot MSL altitude plus 500’ (3,500, 5,500, 9,500, etc.)
180° - 359°: even thousand foot MSL altitude plus 500’ (4,500, 6,500, 10,500, etc.)

MAGNETIC COURSE, NOT HEADING

Question 25

IDENTIFY aerobatic flight

Answer 25

An intentional maneuver involving abrupt bank angles greater than 60°, pitch angles greater than ±45°, or accelerations greater than 2.0 g

A break maneuver that conforms to the model NATOPS flight manual is not considered aerobatic

Question 26

VFR Fuel Planning Requirement

Answer 26

10% fuel reserve, minimum of 20 minutes

Question 27

Aerobatic Flight FAR Part 91 Precautions

Answer 27

No person may operate an aircraft in aerobatic flight:

• Below 1500’ AGL
• When vis is less than 3 SM

5000 AGL is min. altitude for aero flight in Training Command aircraft

Question 28

IDENTIFY the rules concerning unusual maneuvers

Answer 28

Unnecessary low passes, unscheduled flybys, climb at very steep angles, practice approaches to altitudes below specific minimum, or any so-called “flat hatting” wherein a flight is conducted at a low altitude and/or a high rate of speed for thrill purposes

Question 29

Direction Signs

Answer 29

used at the intersection of taxiways to indicate the direction of turn for a specified taxiway. Use black letters on a yellow background and will identify the taxiway designation and an arrow in the direction of turn

Question 30

Destination Signs

Answer 30

used to provide taxi direction to specific locations on an airport. Have black letters on a yellow background and will have an arrow showing the direction of the taxiing route to the destination indicated on the sign

Question 31

Information Signs

Answer 31

have black letters on a yellow background and provide information such as frequencies or NAVAID check data

Question 32

Runway Distance Remaining Signs

Answer 32

white numbers on a black background and indicate the landing distance remaining in thousands of feet. They are installed along one or both sides of the runway