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Russia 1855-1964 > Nicholas II > Flashcards

Nicholas II Flashcards

0
Q

Why did Nick II close universities?

A

1899 strike of 13,000 students

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1
Q

Nicholas II ruled from…

A

1894-1917

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2
Q

Proportion of children of peasants and workers at university in 1914?

A

38.8% (risen from 15.7% in 1980)

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3
Q

Government spending on elementary education increase 1905-14?

A

1.8% of budget to 4.2% (76 billion roubles)

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4
Q

What happened to enrolments in primary schools 1900-14?

A

Doubled

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5
Q

What happened to enrolments in secondary schools 1900-14?

A

Quadrupled

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6
Q

What happened to enrolments in higher education 1900-14?

A

Tripled

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7
Q

When did Nick II lift censorship?

A

1905 October manifesto

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8
Q

When did Nick II reintroduce censorship and why?

A

1911 because of Rasputin

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9
Q

What did Konstantin pobedonostsev call democracy?

A

‘The great lie of our time’

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10
Q

Who was Konstantin pobedonostsev?

A

Chief minister of the Russian government 1881-905

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11
Q

What did stolypin do to normal judicial procedures?

A

Got rid of them - hearings behind closed doors, defendants not allowed legal representation or the right to appeal, sentences carried out almost immediately

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12
Q

What was the result of the SRs attempted assassination of stolypin?

A

State of emergency declared and field courts martial introduced

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13
Q

Assassination attempt on stolypin?

A

1906

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14
Q

Who was stolypin?

A

Prime minister of the third Duma 1906-11

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15
Q

What did stolypin say about reform?

A

“Suppression first and then, only then, reform”

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16
Q

How many hanged by Stolypin’s necktie?

A

2,500

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17
Q

October manifesto was in…

A

1905

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18
Q

Redemption payments halved in?

A

1906

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19
Q

Redemption payments removed in?

A

1907

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20
Q

Redemption payments due to end in?

A

1910

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21
Q

What freedoms did the October manifesto grant?

A

Citizenship, worship and conscience

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22
Q

What system was the Duma?

A

Bi-cameral - one chamber was an elected lower house and the other a state council mostly appointed by the tsar

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23
Q

How many national minorities in the first Duma?

A

120

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24
Q

First Duma was in…

A

April-June 1906

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25
Q

Why didn’t the Duma have a financial hold over the government?

A

The tsar had successfully negotiated a substantial loan from France in early 1906

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26
Q

Third Duma was between…

A

1907-12

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27
Q

State run insurance scheme for workers set up by the Duma in…

A

1912

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28
Q

Fourth Duma was between…

A

1912-17

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29
Q

The fundamental laws made in…

A

April 1906

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30
Q

What were the fundamental laws?

A

Gave the tsar all government powers and a veto as well as the power to appoint and dismiss president of the council, minister and other officials

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31
Q

Rasputin poisoned the monarchy’s relations with…

A

It’s traditional pillars of support - the court, the bureaucracy, the church and the army

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32
Q

Example of Rasputin scandalising tsarism?

A

1915: the Yar restaurant - got drunk and claimed to be the tsarinas lover

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33
Q

Witte was minister of finance between…

A

1893-1903

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34
Q

Gold standard set up in…

A

1897

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35
Q

What did the gold standard do?

A

Create a more stable economy

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36
Q

In the 1980s Russia’s annual growth rate was high than…

A

That of any other industrial country

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37
Q

In the 1890s Russia’s economy grew by…

A

8% pa

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38
Q

50% growth in national income between…

A

1894-1913

39
Q

Growth in national income 1894-1913?

A

50%

40
Q

Famine under Nick II?

A

1897

41
Q

Railways built between 1892-1904?

A

Trans-Siberian and Chinese Eastern

42
Q

Trans-Siberian and Chinese Eastern railways built in…

A

1892-1904

43
Q

Benefits of building railways?

A

Increased gov income from freight charges and passenger fares, peasant migration, development of rural areas, transport of troops and supplies, lower transport costs, stimulated exports etc

44
Q

How many factories in 1908?

A

22,600

45
Q

How many workers in 1908?

A

2.5 million

46
Q

How many strikes in 1905?

A

13995

47
Q

13,995 strikes in…

A

1905

48
Q

22,600 factories and 2.5 million peasants in…

A

1908

49
Q

1908-14 industrial growth rate of…

A

8.5%

50
Q

Industrial growth rate of 8.5% in…

A

1908-14

51
Q

Rise in foreign investment 1880-1914?

A

26% in 1880 to 41% in 1914

52
Q

New farming methods under the wager on the strong included…

A

Enclosure and crop rotation

53
Q

How many years did stolypin need to make the wager on the strong work?

A

20

54
Q

When was the strip system replaced with enclosed fields?

A

1906-7

55
Q

How many relocated to Siberia between 1906-15?

A

3.5 million

56
Q

3.5 million relocated to Siberia between…

A

1906-15

57
Q

What fraction of communal households took advantage of the wager on the strong?

A

1/5

58
Q

What did the wager on the strong result in?

A

Better methods and higher yields

59
Q

In the 1890s a significant minority of peasant taxes were…

A

Higher, signalling that their farming was producing higher profits

60
Q

How much land had been consolidated into farms by 1914?

A

10%

61
Q

10% of land had been consolidated into farms by…

A

1914

62
Q

What did the October manifesto do to trade unions?

A

Legalised them

63
Q

When were trade unions legalised?

A

1905

64
Q

When was Kisshinev?

A

1903

65
Q

How many killed in Kisshinev?

A

49 Jews, and hundreds seriously wounded

66
Q

How many Jews fled between 1914-17?

A

2 million

67
Q

2 million Jews fled between…

A

1914-17

68
Q

What groups carried out pogroms?

A

The Black Hundreds - made up of landowners, rich peasants, bureaucrats, clergymen etc.

69
Q

When was Plehve assassinated?

A

1904

70
Q

Executions by field court marshals in 1906?

A

1,000+

71
Q

Executions by field court marshals in 1911?

A

58

72
Q

Political exiles in 1909?

A

22,568

73
Q

1,000+ executions in…

A

1906

74
Q

58 executions in…

A

1911

75
Q

22,568 political exiles in…

A

1909

76
Q

Political exiles in 1910?

A

10,972

77
Q

10,972 political exiles in…

A

1910

78
Q

Storming of the HQ of the st Petersburg soviet was in…

A

1898

79
Q

Who was arrested at the storming of the St Petersburg soviet?

A

Trotsky

80
Q

The mutiny on battleship Potemkin was in…

A

1905

81
Q

What did the mutiny on battleship Potemkin show?

A

That the authorities couldn’t rely on the armed forces

82
Q

Blood Sunday was on…

A

5th January 1905

83
Q

Who led the march on Bloody Sunday?

A

Father George gapon - orthodox priest and Okhrana double agent

84
Q

How many workers protested at Bloody Sunday?

A

100,000

85
Q

How many killed and injured at Bloody Sunday?

A

200 killed, 800 injured

86
Q

February revolution was in…

A

1917

87
Q

Abdication of Nick II?

A

3rd march 1917

88
Q

How many political assassinations did the SRs conduct 1906-7?

A

4,000+

89
Q

Opposition groups to Nick II?

A

SRs, SDs, Mensheviks, Bolsheviks, Liberls, Octoberists, Kadets

90
Q

What was the Vyborg appeal?

A

200 Kadets and labourists drew up an appeal urging the people to defy the gov by refusing to pay taxes and disobeying conscription orders

91
Q

When was the Vyborg appeal?

A

1906

92
Q

Effects of the Vyborg appeal?

A

Gave the gov the pretext to retaliate, arresting the group and excluding them from the Duma

93
Q

The provisional government ruled from…

A

March-November 1917

94
Q

What did an 1897 census show?

A

Only 21% of the population was literate

95
Q

Only 21% of the population was literate in…

A

1897

96
Q

Lena Goldfields Massacre?

A

1912

Russia 1855-1964 (15 decks)

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