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Russia 1855-1964 > Khrushchev > Flashcards

Khrushchev Flashcards

0
Q

What did Khrushchev do to censorship?

A

Relaxed it

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1
Q

Khrushchev ruled from…

A

1956-64

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2
Q

What happened to ‘dissident writers’ under Khrushchev?

A

Arrested and imprisoned

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3
Q

What did Khrushchev do to remove the Stalinist cult?

A

Pulled down statues and portraits of takin and gave new titles to the towns and citied named after him

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4
Q

What happened to Pasternak?

A

Doctor Zhivago didn’t appear in the Soviet Union until 1988 and he was refused permission to travel abroad to collect the nobel prize for literature

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5
Q

Under Khrushchev the number of churches…

A

Fell from 20,000 to less than 8,000 between 1960-64

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6
Q

Example of religious repression under Khrushchev?

A

Upensky monastery - buildings confiscated, monks dispersed and sent to labour camps, novices beaten, nuns raped

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7
Q

What did Khrushchev introduce as a subject for the school curriculum?

A

Atheism

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8
Q

When was the secret speech?

A

1956, at the 20th party congress

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9
Q

What did Khrushchev announce at the secret speech?

A

A drift away from Stalinist radicalism, which he saw as a ‘violation of Leninist norms’

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10
Q

Improvement of living standards under Khrushchev?

A

1955-66, but still lagged behind the western world

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11
Q

Examples of consumer goods in the early 1960s?

A

Radios, tvs, fridges, other domestic appliances

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12
Q

Increase in cars 1955-66?

A

2,000 to 5,000 (compared with 398 per thousand in the US)

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13
Q

Increase in TVs 1955-66?

A

4,000 to 82,000

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14
Q

How did Khrushchev combat the chronic housing shortage?

A

Production of prefabricated buildings which led to the construction of 15 million new flats

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15
Q

What was the virgin lands scheme?

A

Khrushchev’s plan to plow and cultivate 13 million hectares of uncultivated land by 1956

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16
Q

When was the virgin lands scheme introduced?

A

1953

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17
Q

Where did the virgin lands scheme target?

A

Right bank of the Volga, Northern Caucasus, Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan

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18
Q

Success of the virgin lands scheme?

A

1953-8: farm output increased by 8.5%

19
Q

Failure of the Virgin lands scheme?

A

17 million ton grain short fall in Kazakhstan

20
Q

What did Khrushchev do to collective farms?

A

Merge them into state farms (sovkhozes)

21
Q

Benefits of sovkhozes?

A

Guaranteed fixed wages, earnings didn’t depend on profit, social benefits such as pensions

22
Q

What did Khrushchev do to agriculture?

A

Decentralised it by granting greater autonomy to local party administrators

23
Q

Increase in farm output 1953-8?

24
Q

Under Khrushchev collective farmers received double retail price value than they had in…

25
Q

How much more capital investment was made available per industrial worker than per able bodied collective farmer in 1958?

26
Q

15x in 1958?

A

More capital investment made available per industrial worker than per able bodied collective farmer

27
Q

Increase in acricultua all output 1953-64?

28
Q

74% increase in agricultural output between…

29
Q

% decline in farmers under Khrushchev?

30
Q

Problems with agricultural infrastructure under Khrushchev?

A

Lack of storage facilities, inadequate roads, absenteeism due to passports

31
Q

Long term problems of Khrushchev’s agricultural policy?

A

Land wasn’t farmed correctly and dry lands appropriate for grazing were too expensive to irrigate or fertilise properly so were left untreated - stored up huge ecological problems for the future

32
Q

What did Khrushchev do to industry?

A

Decentralised it - abolished Moscow-based ministries and replaced them with 105 sovnarkhozy (largely dependent of central control and free to regulate their areas industrial activity)

33
Q

When was the seven year plan?

34
Q

What was the main aim of the seven year plan?

A

Expand the manufacture of chemicals, fertilisers, man-made fibres and plastics

35
Q

What did the seven year plan increase production of?

A

Oil, natural gas and consumer goods

36
Q

How many scientific establishments in 1965?

37
Q

First man in space?

A

Yuri Gagarin in 1961

38
Q

What did Khrushchev do to Jews?

A

Disallowed them to emigrate and settle in Israel

39
Q

What did Khrushchev do to labour camps?

A

Released thousands of prisoners

40
Q

Examples of ‘dissident writers’?

A

Ivan dzyuba and Paul litvinov

41
Q

Novocherkassk Massacre was in…

42
Q

1962 Massacre?

A

Novocherkassk

43
Q

Number killed and wounded at Novocherkassk?

A

26 killed, 87 wounded

44
Q

Causes of Novocherkassk?

A

Shortages of food/provisions, poor working conditions in the factories

Russia 1855-1964 (15 decks)

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