Essentials Flashcards
The third section was…
The secret police under Alex II and Nick I
Emancipation of the serfs was in…
1861
The French Revolution was in…
1789
The Okhrana was…
The secret police until 1917
An enlightened despot…
Uses power in a good way
The Crimean war was between…
1853-56
Alex II ruled from…
1855-81
Alex II was nicknamed…
The tsar liberator
Alex III ruled between…
1881-94
Nick II ruled between…
1894-1917
Lenin ruled between…
1917-24
Stalin ruled between…
1927-53
Khrushchev ruled between…
1956-64
How many riots were there in the first year of the emancipation edict?
647
How many serfs were freed in the emancipation edict?
50 million
Who collected redemption payments?
The Mir
When was the Zemstva created?
1864
How many university students under Alex II?
Rose from 3,600 to 10,000
The Peoples Will’s name in Russian?
The Narodnaya Volya
Who assassinated Alex II?
Hessia Helfman
What was Alex III called?
The Tsar Repressor
What date was the statute concerning measures for the protection of state security and social order?
1881
How many political executions under Alex III?
44
How many decrees against Jews in 1881?
600
Gold standard introduced?
1897
Increase per annum in the 1890s?
8%
Famines under Alex III?
1891
Famines under Nick II?
1897
What did Alex III do to university fees?
x4
Who was Plehve?
Interior minister, Russification
When was Kishinev?
1903
How many were killed at Kishinev?
49
Dates of the Russo-Japanese war?
1905
Number of factories in 1908?
22,600
How many proletarians in 1908?
2.5 million
How many strikes in 1905?
13,995
When was Bloody Sunday?
1905
How many killed and injured on Bloody Sunday?
200 killed, 800 injured
What did the October manifesto promise?
A Duma, new freedoms, etc.
When were redemption payments halved and removed?
Halved in 1906, removed in 1907
How many relocated under the Wager on the Strong?
3.5 million
How many were killed by Stolypin’s necktie?
2500
What was the third Duma like?
More reactionary and autocratic, they shrunk the franchise etc.
What percentage of children of peasants and workers were at university in 1914?
15-39%
Who betrayed the revolution to the press but were forgiven by Lenin?
Zinoviev and Kamiev
Who was in charge of women’s policy under Lenin?
Kollantai
What countries were given self determination under Lenin?
Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic States etc.
What happened to industry and banks under Lenin?
Nationalised
How many troops from capitalist countries came into Russia during the civil war?
200,000 troops from 14 nations
There was an assassination attempt on Lenin in…
August 1918
How many died in the civil war?
10,000,000
Who were allowed in the Komsomol?
15-23 year olds
Who were allowed in the Young Pioneers?
8-15 year olds
How many years universal education was there under Lenin?
9 years
What was the great turn?
Stalin abandoning the NEP for the FYPs (1928)
When was collectivisation?
1927-34
What was dekulakisation?
1929-31: quotas of kulaks to find in each region
Who were the OGPU?
Stalins secret police
Who were the 25000ers?
Urban party activists who helped revolutionise the countryside during collectivisation
When was the Holdomor?
1932-4
How many killed in the Holodomor?
7.5 million
How many kulaks had been deported to Siberia or labour camps by the end of collectivisation?
10 million
When was the most intense part of the purges and what was it called?
Yezhovshchina - 1937-38
The great purge was between…
1934-9
The 1st FYP was between…
1928-32
The 2nd FYP was between…
1933-37
The 3rd FYP was between…
1938-41
When were the three good years?
1934-6
What happened during the three good years?
Pressure wasn’t so intense, food rationing ended, more disposable income
What percentage of the Leningrad workforce were women in 1935?
44%
What was the quicksand society?2
The FYPs created a transient society so workers were allowed to move freely between jobs, contributing to a destabilising effect of high labour turnover
When was the Stakhanovite movement?
1935
By how much did electric power increase between 1913-40?
25x increase
Increase of coal production under the FYPs?
5x increase
Increase in iron and steel production under Alex II?
3x increase
Under the FYPs vodka production sunk by…
2/3
Who was Pavlik Morozov?
Young Pioneer martyr and soviet hero who’d denounced his father in 1932
The law of the seventh-eights?
1932: 10 year sentence for stealing socialised property, eg corn, which was later changed to a death sentence
When was the ryutin platform written?
1932
When was the ryutin affair and what happened?
1934: ryutin and his supporters were arrested and Stalin ordered their execution, but politburo only expelled them
When was the December decree?
1934
What was the December decree?
Legalised the murder of anti-soviet elements, beginning the purge
When was 00447?
1937
How many killed under Stalin?
2.4 million
What did ezhov and Stalin agree with 00447?
200,000 arrests and 73,000 executions
By how much was 00447 exceeded?
9x
What percentage of the population were non-Russian and what percentage of the victims of the terror were they?
18% of the population but 37% of the victims
Percentage of red army officers purged by 1938?
80%
When was the nazi soviet pact?
1939
When was operation Barbarossa?
1941
What was operation Barbarossa?
Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union
How many German tanks were destroyed in the battle of Kursk?
40% (2,900) in 3 days
Who was Vasily Zaitsev?
National hero during the war and the head of the sniper movement, killed 225 officers
When was the secret speech?
1956, at the 20th party congress
Number of churches under Kruschev fell from…
20,000 to less than 8,000 between 1960-64
Increase in farm output between 1953-8?
8.5% increase
How much more capital investment was made available per industrial worker than per able bodied collective farmer in 1958?
15x
First notable failure of the virgin lands?
17 million ton grain short fall in Kazakhstan
When was the Cold War?
1945-64
When was the Cuban missile crisis?
1962
When was the U2 incident?
1960
When was the Russo-Japanese war?
1904-5
When was WW1?
1914-17
