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Pediatric Written 1 > newborn congenital conditions & infx > Flashcards

newborn congenital conditions & infx Flashcards

1
Q

brachycephaly, epicanthal folds, brushfield spots (on iris)

A

down syndrome

-hypoglossal nerve w/ tongue out (Co + jaw)

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2
Q

rare form of neurofibromatosis with painful tumors on cranial, spinal, periph nerves but spares CN VIII

A

schwannomatosis

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3
Q

baby swollen head crosses suture lines

A 
scalp edema
caput succedaneum (cone head)
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4
Q

swollen baby head doesnt cross sutures

A

cephalhematoma

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5
Q

C5-7 (upper brachial plexus)
waiter’s tip
what nerves affected MC?

A

erb’s palsy

suprascap, axillary, musculocutaneous

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6
Q

C7-T1

claw hand

A

klumpke’s paralysis

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7
Q

occurs when shoulder gets lodged against moms pubic bone, caught in birth canal

A

shoulder dystocia

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8
Q

DT hypoxia

flaccid til 5m, then spastic

A

CP

tx sacral decomp

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9
Q

Condition with neurological lesion in cerebrum and pyramidal pathways
incr DTRs

A

spastic CP

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10
Q

muscle will resist in all ROM, diffuse brain damage

A

rigid CP

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11
Q

AVN risk
more inguinal folds
allis knee lower
leg length >2cm diff

A

congenital hip dysplasia

putti’s triad

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12
Q

putti’s triad

A

small femoral head
shallow acetabulum
sup/lat dislocated femoral head

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13
Q

lines used for CHD

A

hilgenreiner (horiz)
perkins (vertical)
creates 4 quads

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14
Q

angle on fem neck <120*

A

infantile coxa vara

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15
Q

abnormal larynx dev, inc ICP causes

A

cri du chat

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16
Q

hyperextension dt meningeal/dural tension

ant occ or C1 opp

A

opisthotonus

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17
Q

weight falls <50th %
fails to double wt by 4m
fails to triple by 1y

A

failure to thrive

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18
Q

most severe spina bifida

A

SB myelomeningocele

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19
Q

post aspect of the skull contains neural tissue from brain

A

encephalocele

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20
Q

excessive laxity of what ligament causes atlantoaxial instability

A

posterior transverse lig (odontoid to C1)

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21
Q

this renders the transverse atlantal lig incompetent, pt’l for signif neuro insult from small trauma, HVLA contraindicated, consider neurosurgical consult, vertebral artery compression

A

odontoid process anomalies

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22
Q

traumatic C2 anomaly, >80% have AA instability

A

os odontoideum

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23
Q

MC frx of c spine in children

A

odontoid frx

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24
Q

congenital block vert has this appearance

A

wasp waist

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25
Q

DDX for hemivertebra

A

compression frx

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26
Q

single long L thoracic curve that most occurs during the first year of life

A

infantile scoliosis

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27
Q

less common but more serious form of meningitis, rec ER, death or brain dmg

A

bacterial

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28
Q

congenital opening/shunt bt esoph and trachea, maybe in downs

A

tracheoesophageal fistula

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29
Q

regurgitation progressed to projectile vomiting

RUQ LUMP, dehydration, weight loss

A

pyloric stenosis

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30
Q

Condition in GI with vomiting, no dehydration, dec weight gain

A

GERD

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31
Q

Condition in GI with vomiting, normal wt gain, DEHYDRATION

A

gastroenteritis

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32
Q

red eyes, cheeks, rash
strawberry tongue
<5yo mc

A

kawasaki dz

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33
Q

mottle skin cold baby

A

cutis marmorata

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34
Q

port wine stain is ____ and strawberry hemangiomas _____

A

permanent

go away with age

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35
Q

telangiectatic nevi

A

stork bite

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36
Q

forefoot adducted at birth dt in utero pressure

A

metatarsus adducted

MC > clubfoot

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37
Q

big toe med deviated, all others in alignment, seen in downs

A

metatarsus primars varus

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38
Q

congenital dt in utero medial plantar displacement of talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid jt

A

talipes equinovarus / clubfoot

-can be postural as well

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39
Q

baby will have blue feet & lips with this heart defect

A

patent foramen ovale

40
Q

MC heart defect that may lead to CHF

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

41
Q

opening permits blood flow from lt atrium to right

exercise intolerance

A

atrial septal defect (ASD)

42
Q

MC heart defect in skinny girls, tetralogy of fallot

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

43
Q

pulmonary valve thickens and constricts ability to reach lungs

A

pulmonary stenosis

-no exercise or PE with severe

44
Q

MCC of heart failure in first month of life

A

coarctation of aorta

45
Q

intussusception is MC bt

A

3-12m

46
Q

MCC of neonatal jaundice

A

ABO issue

47
Q

in torticollis, atlas goes to the ____ side in kids, and prominent ___ on opp side of head tilt, and is MC in frank breech

A

low side

C2

48
Q

with torticollis must rule out {4}

A

klippel feil
spregels
hemivert
sc tumor

49
Q

persistent torticollis with flx of hand, foot or knee

A

arthrogyroposis

50
Q

seen in 20-25% of klippel feil cases

A

sprengle’s deformity

51
Q

distal phalanx of 5th digit deviated radially into volar flx, hereditary, bilat

A

kirner’s deformity

52
Q

tall narrow head, type c

A

scaphocephaly

53
Q

backward sloped forehead, flat back of head, small face, type B

A

brachycephaly

54
Q

premature closure of metopic suture

A

trigonocephaly

55
Q

flattened occiput, short AP diameter, wide transverse diameter

A

type f skull

56
Q

MC dt fetal head constraint, no soft spots, no growth in head size

A

craniosynostosis

57
Q

finding with CP, autism, CHARGE syndrome, chin up

A

AS occiput

58
Q

coloboma in eye, choanal atresia, unusual ears, organ system problem, gene CHD7 mutation

A

CHARGE syndrome

59
Q

converging strabismus is an issue with what muscle/nerve

A

lateral rectus / Cn VI (abducens)

  • lat eye dev/elevating is SO/IV trochlear
  • lat/inf eye dev is CN III oculomot
60
Q

Gait sign of CP, autism, AS occ, club foot, language/speech delays

A

persistent toe walking

61
Q

brain tumor indicated with ___ nystagmus

A

vertical

62
Q

MCC bact of osteomyelitis, checked via radionuclide bone scan, and what bone is the MC place

A

staph aureus

innominate bone

63
Q

Virus, fluid based transmission via delivery or breastfeeding and is worst to fetus if exposed in T1, causes hepatosplenomeg, growth restrict, etc

A

CMV

64
Q

congenital infx that can cross placenta

A

varicella zoster

65
Q

herpes simplex can get in utero and is MC transmitted

A

during labor

66
Q

bronchiolitis/RSV MC age

A

<6m

67
Q

life threatening infx in a newborn that can cause mental delay and sensory impairments

A

group b strep

68
Q

MC infx in childhood

A

acute OM

-adjust 3x2

69
Q

this tx shows improvement in 87% of acute OM cases

A

food allergy avoidance

70
Q

queasy, crappy, diarrhea that occurs when ear infx is draining

A

brenneman’s belly

71
Q

HIB, sudden fever, cough, drooling, tripod - get to the ER

A

epiglottitis

72
Q

fecal transm/raw shellfish - flue like sx, n/v/pn, fever

A

hep a

73
Q

transm via blood/body fluid, birth

A

hep b

74
Q

body fluid, tattoos, piercings, drugs causes cirrhosis, few s/s

A

hep c

75
Q

most musckuloskeletal infx in kids are dt skin lesions or __ infx

A

staph

76
Q

MCC of sebhorrheic dermatitis

A

yeast infx

77
Q

rash on convex surfaces, MC 9-12mo

A

candidiasis

-tx with probiotics high dose

78
Q

enlarged lymph nodes on RT side only check

A

C2 spinous Rt

79
Q 
teething, mouth issues
dec HCL prod, zn def, rx
infx, fever, abd pn
psyc
Are all reasons for:
A

Pediatric decreased appetite

80
Q

all nutrients absorbed incl H20, electrolytes

A

small intestine

81
Q

absorbs H20, electrolytes, some vit (K, B1,2,12)

A

large intestine

82
Q

if neuro or motor issues for pushing motion cause constipation, try to suck something while bearing down, due to a potential:

A

increased SNS

83
Q

MCC of diarrhea in infants

A

rotavirus

84
Q

baby hates tummy time, check

A

bilat posterior occiput

85
Q

ears too low: ____
too small: ____
abnormal shape: ____

A

down syndrome
renal issues
FAS

86
Q

colic stats, needs to be crying for:

A

3h/d, 3d/wk, 3w-3m

-check c1

87
Q

first bone to ossify is ___ and the last is ___

A

atlas

ilium

88
Q

CN affected by sphenoid work

A 
II optic
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
89
Q

CN affected by temporal bone

A

VII facial

-can correct strabismus and nystagmus

90
Q

CN affected by occiput

A

IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal

91
Q

post fontanelle closes at ___

anterior closes at ____

A

3 mo

1 yr

92
Q

____ directs facial bones

A

sphenoid

93
Q

leaves of the ___ attach to sphenoid, temporal, parietal, occipital bones

A

tentorium cerebelli

94
Q

tension on this results in dysfx of CN IX, X, XI & XII and can cause colic, nursing and swallowing issues, heart-lung-digestive probs (cant survive without last 4 CN)

A

falx cerebelli

95
Q

this controls sleep hormones

A

pineal gland

96
Q

increased SNS tone, adjust

A

mid T/spine and C1

97
Q

refusing pacifier, reflux, gas pains
difficulty swallowing, gulping with nursing
excess spit up
indicate a problem with

A

jugluar foramen

Pediatric Written 1 (11 decks)

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