childhood conditions 1 Flashcards
1
Q
speech/language don’t develop normally
A
language disorder
2
Q
trouble getting meaning across
A
expressive language disorder
3
Q
issue understanding other’s meaning
difficulty following directions
A
receptive language disorder
4
Q
MC group of dev delayed children, with wk muscles, DTR are WNL, walking 24-30m, good prognosis
A
benign congenital hypotonia
5
Q
progressive degen dz, hypotonia dt deg in ant horns of sc and motor nuclei of CNs - no DTRs
A
spinal muscular atrophy
6
Q
hand dominance occurs around 2-3. if it occurs prior to 1 yr, suspect:
A
hemiplegia
7
Q
test for spastic hemiplegia
A
crother’s slap test
8
Q
hypotonic at birth, us delayed onset, 3-6m dev spasticity or rigidity, seizures, drooling, strabismus, etc
A
spastic quadriplegia
9
Q
group of gen d/o, gradual degen of muscle fibers, atrophy, pseudohypertrophy from fatty infiltrates
A
duchene’s muscular dystrophy
10
Q
pp toe walking, waddling gait, clumsy, gower’s sign, inc L lordosis and calf muscles, trendelenberg
A
MD
11
Q
gower sign indicative of
A
MD
JRA
12
Q
damage to the left brain will cause ___ for right handers and vv
A
apasia
13
Q
trouble using words/sentences
A
expressive aphasia
14
Q
trouble understanding others
A
receptive aphasia
15
Q
trouble with using and understanding words
A
global aphasia
16
Q
motor speech d/o, child knows what to say but can’t neurologically
A
apraxia
17
Q
motor speech d/o, weak facial muscles
A
dysarthria
18
Q
weak tongue tip muscles, lies too far forward, persistent tongue thrust reflex causes
A
orofacial myofunctional d/o
19
Q
MC congenital ant chest wall deformity
A
pectus excavatum
20
Q
looser’s zone on an xray along with osteopenia, coarsened trabeculation indicates
A
osteomalacia
21
Q
thumb overlaps 5th digit around wrist, marfan
A
walker wrist sign
22
Q
thumb hangs out over fist, marfan
A
steinberg sign
23
Q
part of brain that controls homeostasis, emotions, survival, threat avoidance, social interaction and learning
A
limbic system of CNS
24
Q
part of brain that controls emotional conditioning, social signs of emotion (facial, posture)
A
amygdala of CNS
25
part of brain that controls affect (depression, lack of)
prefrontal cortex of CNS
26
part of brain that controls pain, touch, temp
parietal of CNS
27
when a baby goes on side, raises head/pelvis and flops leg over, it is called
autistic roll
28
when a baby uses arms more, an army crawl or drags one arm beside it is called
autistic crawl
29
to dx ADHD
6 attn or 6 hyperactivity moments before 7yo
several sx before 12yo
several present in 2+ settings
sx interfere with social, school, work fxn
sx dont occur with another psychotic d/o
30
used for 16-30m and assesses risk for ASD
MCHAT
| modified checklist for autism in toddlers
31
special diet to help sx of autism
feingold diet
32
ASD's
```
autism
aspberger's
rett's
pervasive dev d/o (PDD)
childhood disintigrative d/o (CDD)
```
33
```
remove
replace
re-inculate
repair
re-test
re-introduce
```
6 R's for proper _____
Gut function
34
qs to ask re asthma
```
age of first attack (in first 5y is dx)
how often
time of day
triggers
wheezing
exercise exacerbate, limited activity
miss school
pets/smokers at home, meds, allergy hx
```
35
loss of kyphosis around T4-7 indicates struct abn in liver, stomach or pancreas can mean mm contrx of esoph, heart, lungs
pottenger's saucer
36
whiplash avulsion frx in adults look for ____ and in kids ____
clay shoveler's frx (lower c/s C7/T1)
higher c/s (C2-4)
**very stable
37
after ____ take xray first THEN ortho/neuro
MVA
38
most severe and unstable injury of the c/s - usually at C2, from hyperflx - hyperxt-sudden hyperflx
tear drop frx
39
flex or flx with rot that shows with the bow tie sign, disrup of 25-30%
unilateral facet disloc
| **get CT
40
flex or flx with rot, ant disloc of 50%+, unstable
bilateral facet disloc
| UNSTABLE
41
s/s raccoon eyes, battle sign, head trauma causes. rare in peds
basilar skull frx
42
intracranial hemorrhage bt skull and dura
epidural
| -rarely crosses suture line
43
intracranial hemorrhage bt dura and arachnoid
subdural
44
intracranial hemorrhage directly into brain tissue
intracerebral
45
acute ___ hematoma is an ARTERIAL bleed common w temporal frx, onset is min-hours followed by lucid interval, possible death
epidural
46
acute ___ hematoma is a VENOUS bleed, onset hours to days, fluctuating consciousness
-alcoholics, elderly, blood thinners
subdural
47
in ______ , bleeding can be arterial or venous and sx is often not helpful, s/s similar to stroke
intracerebral hemorrhage
48
MC form of hemorrhage assoc with head trauma, located in flax cerebri or tentorium and outer cortical surface
subarachnoid hemorrhage
49
abn ankle gait with excess hip IR, tight ant hip capsule, tight gastroc, achilles, peroneals
-repeat ankle sprains, pes planus, genetic
overpronated
50
abn ankle gait with tight ITB, weak peroneals, post trauma to knee/foot/ankle, high arch, toe claw, genetic
oversupinated
51
gait with inability to actively dorsiflex foot with axaggerated hip/knee flx during swing phase
steppage
52
pt lurches TOW side of weakness, downward pelvic tilt away from affected hip during swing phase
trendelenburg
53
trendelenburg gait seen in
CHD
LCP
SCFE
54
flx of knee, hip and foot in inverted and PF , circumduction with hip elevation to accomodate PF
spastic hemiplegia gait
55
scissor gait, walks on toes, both feet PF'd, legs rub while walking
spastic diplegia gait
56
unsteady borad based gait, stands and sways, seen in cerebellar injuries, OM, labyrinthitis
ATAXIC
57
scoliosis red flags (mc deform of spine)
left sided thoracic curve
signif pn/stiff
abn neuro exam
58
MC type of scoliosis
idiopathic
59
MC tumor, may cause scoliosis with pain
osteoid osteoma
60
for scoliosis curves <10*
follow up every 6m until skeletal maturity
| stabilize exercise
61
for scoliosis curves 10-20*
xray every 3-6m with dec freq if no changes
daily stretch, yog, rehab
ortho ref for brace
62
for scoliosis curves 20-25%
xray every 3-6m til skeletal maturity
adj, stretch, lengthen
ortho for brace
63
for scoliosis curves 25-40
can adj, MUST ortho ref
bracing rec'd
stretch/strengthen V IMP
64
for scoliosis curves 40-50*
IMMED ref in most
can adj, comg, PT?
eval every 3m
possible sx
65
for scoliosis curves >50*
REF IMMED
can adj, comg, PT?
xray every 3m
66
2 comorbids with wrong way scoliosis
syringomyelia
| arnold-chiari
67
almost ALL hip conditions walk with hip ___ and ____
flexion
| external rotation
68
2 d/o with severe leg bowing
rickets
| osteogenesis imperfecta
69
```
metatarsus adductus
tib torsion
femoral torsion
EX ilium sublux
club foot
talipes equinovarus
all conditions that present with:
```
pigeon toed walking
70
4 conditions with persistent toe walking
club foot
CP
autism
AS occiput
71
```
talipes calcaneovalgus MC
pes planus
pes cavus
kohler's dz
freiber'gs infarction
all conditions that present with this gait
```
toe out walking
72
THINK CANCER FIRST, THEN LCP OR SCFE
KNEE PAIN
73
bow legged aka
genu varum
74
knock kneed aka
genu valgum
75
growth d/o of tibia, turns in and slowly progresses - in obesity and early walking
blount's dz
76
>70* IR of hip, assoc with reverse tailor sitting
femoral anteversion/antetorsion
77
MC bilat pigeon toed assoc with metatarsus varus, genu varum and tibia vara
medial tib torsion
78
MCC of knee pn in young athletes
osgood schlatter
79
similar to OG but at inf pole of patella
sindig larsen johansson
80
unhappy triad
ACL
MCL
med meniscus
81
ottaway rules for ankle frx xray
tenderness at post medial or lat malleolus
inability to bear wt
T2P at 5th met base/navicular
82
MC sports injury, and 3 lig affected
inversion/lateral ankle sprain
| -ATFL, CFL, PTFL
83
lig affected with eversion/med ankle sprain
deltoid lig
84
turf toe is ___ with axial load, and sand toe is ____
hyperextension
| hyperflexion
85
p/t at achille's insertion while walking, can be surgical
sever dz
| -MC in soccer
86
```
septic arthritis
osteomyelitis
frx
DDH
leg length diff
hip sublux
```
presents with limping MC bt these ages:
birth - 3yo
87
```
septic arthritis
osteomyelitis
toxic synovitis
frx
LCP (nonpainful)
leukemia
JRA
```
ages MC seen with limping:
4-10y
88
```
sprain/frx
osteomyelitis
OG
tumor
SCFE
```
presents with limping at this age range:
11-18yo
89
MCC for limp is
transient synovitis
90
```
osteomyelitis, leukemia
ankle/mm/knee sprain/dysfx
LCP, SCFE
hip sublux, bad shoes
frx
Present with:
```
painful limp ddx
91
```
transient synovitis
LCP
tumor
eosinophilic granuloma
Present with
```
Painless limp
92
limp with morning stiffness
JRA
93
limp with back pain
discitis
94
limp that is better with rest indicates
inflammatory
95
limp with nocturnal pain
osteoid osteoma, neopaslm
96
limp with joint pain
local pathology
97
limp with activity pain 3 ddx
overuse
stress frx
hypermobility
98
infx of joint, on xray jt effusion, juxtaarticular osteoporosis, erosis, CROSSES joint space
septic arthritis
99
inflam/swelling of tissues around hip jt, MC unilateral bt 2-15yo
transient synovitis
100
SCFE, LCP
pyogenic arthritis (via CBC), IVD d/o
SI sublux
are all ddx for
transient synovitis
101
acute transient synovitis from age 4-8 yo is
LCP
102
acute transient synovitis from age 12-16 yo is
SCFE
103
MC hip pathology in adolescents
SCFE
- 15yo M, overweight, hip/knee pn
- kline and shentons line
104
painful limp, KNEE pain, avn of prox femoral epiphysis, tear drop distance
LCP
105
measurement of medial hip joint space, distance from lat margin of pelvic tear drop to most medial aspect of femoral head
tear drop distance
9-11mm, >1-2mm dif bt sides = hip jt fluid
-MRI - trauma infx inflam
106
obturator foramen smaller on painful side of hips dt contrx of obturator internus muscle
obturator sign
107
myelomeningocele
arthrogyoposis
lumbosacral agenesis
Are all:
Teratologic causes of Dev hip dislocation
108
- dislocated (fem head outside acetab, can be reduced)
- dislocatable (w/i but easily displaced)
- subluxatable (giving sensation with clunk
Typical developmental hip dislocation types
