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Pediatric Written 1 > childhood conditions 1 > Flashcards

childhood conditions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

speech/language don’t develop normally

A

language disorder

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2
Q

trouble getting meaning across

A

expressive language disorder

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3
Q

issue understanding other’s meaning

difficulty following directions

A

receptive language disorder

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4
Q

MC group of dev delayed children, with wk muscles, DTR are WNL, walking 24-30m, good prognosis

A

benign congenital hypotonia

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5
Q

progressive degen dz, hypotonia dt deg in ant horns of sc and motor nuclei of CNs - no DTRs

A

spinal muscular atrophy

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6
Q

hand dominance occurs around 2-3. if it occurs prior to 1 yr, suspect:

A

hemiplegia

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7
Q

test for spastic hemiplegia

A

crother’s slap test

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8
Q

hypotonic at birth, us delayed onset, 3-6m dev spasticity or rigidity, seizures, drooling, strabismus, etc

A

spastic quadriplegia

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9
Q

group of gen d/o, gradual degen of muscle fibers, atrophy, pseudohypertrophy from fatty infiltrates

A

duchene’s muscular dystrophy

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10
Q

pp toe walking, waddling gait, clumsy, gower’s sign, inc L lordosis and calf muscles, trendelenberg

A

MD

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11
Q

gower sign indicative of

A

MD

JRA

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12
Q

damage to the left brain will cause ___ for right handers and vv

A

apasia

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13
Q

trouble using words/sentences

A

expressive aphasia

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14
Q

trouble understanding others

A

receptive aphasia

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15
Q

trouble with using and understanding words

A

global aphasia

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16
Q

motor speech d/o, child knows what to say but can’t neurologically

A

apraxia

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17
Q

motor speech d/o, weak facial muscles

A

dysarthria

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18
Q

weak tongue tip muscles, lies too far forward, persistent tongue thrust reflex causes

A

orofacial myofunctional d/o

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19
Q

MC congenital ant chest wall deformity

A

pectus excavatum

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20
Q

looser’s zone on an xray along with osteopenia, coarsened trabeculation indicates

A

osteomalacia

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21
Q

thumb overlaps 5th digit around wrist, marfan

A

walker wrist sign

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22
Q

thumb hangs out over fist, marfan

A

steinberg sign

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23
Q

part of brain that controls homeostasis, emotions, survival, threat avoidance, social interaction and learning

A

limbic system of CNS

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24
Q

part of brain that controls emotional conditioning, social signs of emotion (facial, posture)

A

amygdala of CNS

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25
Q

part of brain that controls affect (depression, lack of)

A

prefrontal cortex of CNS

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26
Q

part of brain that controls pain, touch, temp

A

parietal of CNS

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27
Q

when a baby goes on side, raises head/pelvis and flops leg over, it is called

A

autistic roll

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28
Q

when a baby uses arms more, an army crawl or drags one arm beside it is called

A

autistic crawl

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29
Q

to dx ADHD

A

6 attn or 6 hyperactivity moments before 7yo
several sx before 12yo
several present in 2+ settings
sx interfere with social, school, work fxn
sx dont occur with another psychotic d/o

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30
Q

used for 16-30m and assesses risk for ASD

A

MCHAT

modified checklist for autism in toddlers

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31
Q

special diet to help sx of autism

A

feingold diet

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32
Q

ASD’s

A 
autism
aspberger's
rett's
pervasive dev d/o (PDD)
childhood disintigrative d/o (CDD)
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33
Q 
remove
replace
re-inculate
repair
re-test
re-introduce

6 R’s for proper _____

A

Gut function

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34
Q

qs to ask re asthma

A 
age of first attack (in first 5y is dx)
how often
time of day
triggers
wheezing
exercise exacerbate, limited activity
miss school
pets/smokers at home, meds, allergy hx
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35
Q

loss of kyphosis around T4-7 indicates struct abn in liver, stomach or pancreas can mean mm contrx of esoph, heart, lungs

A

pottenger’s saucer

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36
Q

whiplash avulsion frx in adults look for ____ and in kids ____

A

clay shoveler’s frx (lower c/s C7/T1)
higher c/s (C2-4)
**very stable

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37
Q

after ____ take xray first THEN ortho/neuro

A

MVA

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38
Q

most severe and unstable injury of the c/s - usually at C2, from hyperflx - hyperxt-sudden hyperflx

A

tear drop frx

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39
Q

flex or flx with rot that shows with the bow tie sign, disrup of 25-30%

A

unilateral facet disloc

**get CT

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40
Q

flex or flx with rot, ant disloc of 50%+, unstable

A

bilateral facet disloc

UNSTABLE

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41
Q

s/s raccoon eyes, battle sign, head trauma causes. rare in peds

A

basilar skull frx

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42
Q

intracranial hemorrhage bt skull and dura

A

epidural

-rarely crosses suture line

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43
Q

intracranial hemorrhage bt dura and arachnoid

A

subdural

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44
Q

intracranial hemorrhage directly into brain tissue

A

intracerebral

45
Q

acute ___ hematoma is an ARTERIAL bleed common w temporal frx, onset is min-hours followed by lucid interval, possible death

A

epidural

46
Q

acute ___ hematoma is a VENOUS bleed, onset hours to days, fluctuating consciousness
-alcoholics, elderly, blood thinners

A

subdural

47
Q

in ______ , bleeding can be arterial or venous and sx is often not helpful, s/s similar to stroke

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

48
Q

MC form of hemorrhage assoc with head trauma, located in flax cerebri or tentorium and outer cortical surface

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

49
Q

abn ankle gait with excess hip IR, tight ant hip capsule, tight gastroc, achilles, peroneals
-repeat ankle sprains, pes planus, genetic

A

overpronated

50
Q

abn ankle gait with tight ITB, weak peroneals, post trauma to knee/foot/ankle, high arch, toe claw, genetic

A

oversupinated

51
Q

gait with inability to actively dorsiflex foot with axaggerated hip/knee flx during swing phase

A

steppage

52
Q

pt lurches TOW side of weakness, downward pelvic tilt away from affected hip during swing phase

A

trendelenburg

53
Q

trendelenburg gait seen in

A

CHD
LCP
SCFE

54
Q

flx of knee, hip and foot in inverted and PF , circumduction with hip elevation to accomodate PF

A

spastic hemiplegia gait

55
Q

scissor gait, walks on toes, both feet PF’d, legs rub while walking

A

spastic diplegia gait

56
Q

unsteady borad based gait, stands and sways, seen in cerebellar injuries, OM, labyrinthitis

A

ATAXIC

57
Q

scoliosis red flags (mc deform of spine)

A

left sided thoracic curve
signif pn/stiff
abn neuro exam

58
Q

MC type of scoliosis

A

idiopathic

59
Q

MC tumor, may cause scoliosis with pain

A

osteoid osteoma

60
Q

for scoliosis curves <10*

A

follow up every 6m until skeletal maturity

stabilize exercise

61
Q

for scoliosis curves 10-20*

A

xray every 3-6m with dec freq if no changes
daily stretch, yog, rehab
ortho ref for brace

62
Q

for scoliosis curves 20-25%

A

xray every 3-6m til skeletal maturity
adj, stretch, lengthen
ortho for brace

63
Q

for scoliosis curves 25-40

A

can adj, MUST ortho ref
bracing rec’d
stretch/strengthen V IMP

64
Q

for scoliosis curves 40-50*

A

IMMED ref in most
can adj, comg, PT?
eval every 3m
possible sx

65
Q

for scoliosis curves >50*

A

REF IMMED
can adj, comg, PT?
xray every 3m

66
Q

2 comorbids with wrong way scoliosis

A

syringomyelia

arnold-chiari

67
Q

almost ALL hip conditions walk with hip ___ and ____

A

flexion

external rotation

68
Q

2 d/o with severe leg bowing

A

rickets

osteogenesis imperfecta

69
Q 
metatarsus adductus
tib torsion
femoral torsion
EX ilium sublux
club foot
talipes equinovarus
all conditions that present with:
A

pigeon toed walking

70
Q

4 conditions with persistent toe walking

A

club foot
CP
autism
AS occiput

71
Q 
talipes calcaneovalgus MC
pes planus
pes cavus
kohler's dz
freiber'gs infarction
all conditions that present with this gait
A

toe out walking

72
Q

THINK CANCER FIRST, THEN LCP OR SCFE

A

KNEE PAIN

73
Q

bow legged aka

A

genu varum

74
Q

knock kneed aka

A

genu valgum

75
Q

growth d/o of tibia, turns in and slowly progresses - in obesity and early walking

A

blount’s dz

76
Q

> 70* IR of hip, assoc with reverse tailor sitting

A

femoral anteversion/antetorsion

77
Q

MC bilat pigeon toed assoc with metatarsus varus, genu varum and tibia vara

A

medial tib torsion

78
Q

MCC of knee pn in young athletes

A

osgood schlatter

79
Q

similar to OG but at inf pole of patella

A

sindig larsen johansson

80
Q

unhappy triad

A

ACL
MCL
med meniscus

81
Q

ottaway rules for ankle frx xray

A

tenderness at post medial or lat malleolus
inability to bear wt
T2P at 5th met base/navicular

82
Q

MC sports injury, and 3 lig affected

A

inversion/lateral ankle sprain

-ATFL, CFL, PTFL

83
Q

lig affected with eversion/med ankle sprain

A

deltoid lig

84
Q

turf toe is ___ with axial load, and sand toe is ____

A

hyperextension

hyperflexion

85
Q

p/t at achille’s insertion while walking, can be surgical

A

sever dz

-MC in soccer

86
Q 
septic arthritis
osteomyelitis
frx
DDH
leg length diff
hip sublux

presents with limping MC bt these ages:

A

birth - 3yo

87
Q 
septic arthritis
osteomyelitis
toxic synovitis
frx
LCP (nonpainful)
leukemia
JRA

ages MC seen with limping:

A

4-10y

88
Q 
sprain/frx
osteomyelitis
OG
tumor
SCFE

presents with limping at this age range:

A

11-18yo

89
Q

MCC for limp is

A

transient synovitis

90
Q 
osteomyelitis, leukemia
ankle/mm/knee sprain/dysfx
LCP, SCFE
hip sublux, bad shoes
frx
Present with:
A

painful limp ddx

91
Q 
transient synovitis
LCP
tumor
eosinophilic granuloma
Present with
A

Painless limp

92
Q

limp with morning stiffness

A

JRA

93
Q

limp with back pain

A

discitis

94
Q

limp that is better with rest indicates

A

inflammatory

95
Q

limp with nocturnal pain

A

osteoid osteoma, neopaslm

96
Q

limp with joint pain

A

local pathology

97
Q

limp with activity pain 3 ddx

A

overuse
stress frx
hypermobility

98
Q

infx of joint, on xray jt effusion, juxtaarticular osteoporosis, erosis, CROSSES joint space

A

septic arthritis

99
Q

inflam/swelling of tissues around hip jt, MC unilateral bt 2-15yo

A

transient synovitis

100
Q

SCFE, LCP
pyogenic arthritis (via CBC), IVD d/o
SI sublux
are all ddx for

A

transient synovitis

101
Q

acute transient synovitis from age 4-8 yo is

A

LCP

102
Q

acute transient synovitis from age 12-16 yo is

A

SCFE

103
Q

MC hip pathology in adolescents

A

SCFE

  • 15yo M, overweight, hip/knee pn
  • kline and shentons line
104
Q

painful limp, KNEE pain, avn of prox femoral epiphysis, tear drop distance

A

LCP

105
Q

measurement of medial hip joint space, distance from lat margin of pelvic tear drop to most medial aspect of femoral head

A

tear drop distance
9-11mm, >1-2mm dif bt sides = hip jt fluid
-MRI - trauma infx inflam

106
Q

obturator foramen smaller on painful side of hips dt contrx of obturator internus muscle

A

obturator sign

107
Q

myelomeningocele
arthrogyoposis
lumbosacral agenesis
Are all:

A

Teratologic causes of Dev hip dislocation

108
Q
  • dislocated (fem head outside acetab, can be reduced)
  • dislocatable (w/i but easily displaced)
  • subluxatable (giving sensation with clunk
A

Typical developmental hip dislocation types

Pediatric Written 1 (11 decks)

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