New Zealand Flashcards
Climate
Maritime
S island - mountains to w protect w wind & excess rain from Tasman sea, drier & less fungal disease pressure v north island
N island - warmer
Long sunshine hoursSea breeze cooling influence
Risk rain at ripening
Cool Pacific Ocean moderates temp
Diurnal range
S Blanc aromas n island
Tropical
S Blanc aromas s island
Gooseberry green bell pepper
Why are differing styles increasingly found for Sauvignon blanc
No gi specific wine regulations
Main grape varieties
S Blanc >60%
P noir 15
Chardonnay <10
P gris
Chardonnay style
Tropical
Oak sweet spice toast
Viticulture in NZ
Double guyot trellised vsp
Trained high - long sunshine hours don’t need reflected heat from ground
Sunburn - leaf positioning, high uv levels
Low density 2 -2.5k
Mechanisation
H yields 70 - fertile soil & sufficient water
Canopy mgmt for quality - vigerous growth from soil, water, sun
Risk fungal
Birds - netting, scarers
Tropical cyclones can b issue fruit set & harvest
Climate n island
Moderate maritime except wairapa is cool maritime
Style Chardonnay gusbourne
Inexpensive simple & fruity
To premium f body outstanding creamy, ripe fruit, barrel fermented
Style Pinot gris
Inexpensive simple to premium lees stirring
Gusbourne grape varieties
Chardonnay > 50
P gris
Viticulture gusbourne
Devigorating rootstock - sufficient water, fertile soil, to reduce excess growth
Canopy mgmt- reduce excess growth
Rain @ harvest - picking key to reduce rot
Which areas are in north island
Auckland Greater Auckland Gusbourne Hawkes bay Wairapa
Climate Hawkes bay
Moderate maritime - like Bordeaux
Warmest area
Altitude cooling
Hawkes bay similar to which other wine region down to soil
Bordeaux medoc gravel alluvy
Which 2 areas in Hawkes bay have high reputation for red wine
Gimblett gravel - irrigation required as free drain soil
Bridge pa - clay loam doesn’t need irrigation
Frost can issue for both areas
Syrah Hawkes bay
Concentrated blackberry pepper
M+ acidity
Barriques
Grape variety Hawkes bay
Bordeaux blend - merlot, cab sav
Syrah
Chardonnay
Malbec
Why is merlot mainly grown Hawkes bay v cab sav
Cab sav struggle to ripen cool years
Merlot style Hawkes bay
Simple inexpensive to outstanding premium with barriques
Chardonnay style Hawkes bay
Simple inexpensive to premium stone fruits grapefruit, m acidity, fb, struck match, gd to outstanding
Most famous area of wairapa
Martinborough
Style wairapa p noir
V gd to outstanding M+ acidity Red cherry, blk plum M to m+ tannins Concentrated Maturation barriques
Grape variety wairarapa known for
P noir - elegant & perfumes
S Blanc not too herbaceous
Why does wairarapa p noir have more fine grain tannins than elsewhere
Small grapes thick skins
Soil wairapa
Alluvial gravel and silt- silt = cooling slowing ripening
Climates wairapa
Cool maritime
Large diurnal rang - retains acidity, slows ripening
Low yields if strong winds during flowering & fruit set
S Blanc wairarapa
Premium
V good to outstanding
More restrained herbaceous & fruit notes
Some premium wild yeast, lees , partial barrel fermentation
Grape varieties Marlborough
S Blanc
Chardonnay
P noir
Is irrigation used in Marlborough
Yes due to free draining soil- alluvial
Why is mechanisation commonly used in Marlborough
Flat land
Flavour precursors for passion fruit & green bell pepper higher with mechanisation (+5 time) due to short skin maceration that occurs from picking to transportation
2 estuary valleys in Marlborough
Wairau
Awatere
Climate wairau valley Marlborough
Like Martinborough long sunny days
Diff aspects and altitudes give range for producers to work with
Climate awatere valley in Marlborough
Drier cooler windier
Awatare Sauvignon Blanc style
More herbaceous
Drier cooler windier
Grape varieties nelson
S Blanc
P noir
P gris
Regions s island
Marlborough
Nelson
Canterbury
Central otago
2 viticulture area Canterbury
Plain round Christchurch
Waipara valley
Climate Canterbury
Plain - cooling influence pacific, slightly warming from nw wind
Wairapa- hills protect ocean influence, warming nw wind
Grape varieties Canterbury
S Blanc
P noir
Climate central otago
Continental
Frost risk - spring summer
H sunlight intensity- h abv
Sheltered maritime influence by mountains all sides
Grape variety central otago
P noir f body
Winemaking s Blanc
Protective - stainless steel Yeast cultured selected to increase aromatics Low fermentation temps - fruit Mlf avoided - fruity, h acidity Minimal ageing - stainless steel, fruity Ascorbic acid & so2 bottling so fresh Bottles screw cap- fresh
Pronounced s Blanc in vineyard
Canopy mgmt - ripe fruit, h sunshine, water
High diurnal range - long growing season, intense aromas, h acidity
Row orientation- shady more herbaceous, sunny more ripe & tropical
Early picking if want herbaceous
Mechanisation so skin contact & more herbaceous
What different wine techniques are white wine producers experimenting with for premium small volume wines
Skin contact - texture & aroma
Ambient yeast - complexity
Oak ageing
High solids fermentation
Are there strict appellation laws
No growers can plant where like
Geographical indicators established in 2017 what does it register
Names such as Marlborough
Red wine making high volume fruity
Mid range temp
Cultured yeast
Neutral vessels
Premium wine making - p noir & Syrah
S/times whole bunch fermentation- herbal floral
Cold maceration/ colour & aromas p noir
Matured barriques (Bordeaux varieties) or large oak ( p noir)
Sweet wine
Botrytis Semillon & Riesling but also late harvest
Fermentation- so2 stopped & filtered or natural
Wine business
Supermarkets, hospitality Export 5/6 USA Uk Australia
Why is bulk shipping important
1/3 of all sales
Trend in market bottling
What do New Zealand wine do
Marketing of nz wines
Use of influences
Promotion sommelier
Climate s island
Cool maritime except central otago - more continental
Latitude
36to 46
