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Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Soil in Germany

A

Mosel = Dark slate- retains heat during day & radiates

Calcareous pockets = baden, pfalz, rhienhessen, planted Pinot noir, blanc & Chardonnay

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2
Q

Which Type of wine dominates Germany domestic mkt

A

Bulk wines

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3
Q

Yields Germany

A

High circa 100hl/ha

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4
Q

Climate Germany

A

Cool continental
Baden warmer & drier
Dry & long autumn = late harvest

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5
Q

Viticulture risks Germany

A

Spring frosts - rivers & slopes

Rainfall summer - fungus disease, dilution - spraying (helicopter Mosel)

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6
Q

Where are sweet wines made

A

All regions

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7
Q

Where are the best sites

A

Steep stoney soils
S facing- max heat & sunlight
Risk soil erosion

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8
Q

What is the benefit for vineyards near the river

A

Reflected sunlight - ripening
Air movement from water helps protect from frost
Extends growing season

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9
Q

Viticulture Germany for slopes

A

Vibes head pruned

Individually staked- max sunlight & air circulation

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10
Q

How are grapes classified and what are the 4 quality levels

A 
Must weight
Deutscher wein
Landwein
Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein
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11
Q

What are the 2 main pdo levels

A

Qualitatswein - dedicated region, all styles, mostly everyday wines, volume

Pradikatswein - pdo stringent regulations, no enrichment, Riesling

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12
Q

What is deutscher wine

A

Inexpensive
Drunk young
From anywhere in Germany

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13
Q

What is landwein

A

Pgi equivalent
Dry or off dry
From landwein named region

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14
Q

What are 6 pradikat levels from dry to sweet

A 
Kabinet
Spatlese
Auslese
Beernhauslese
Eiswein
Trokenbeernauslese
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15
Q

How has fruit ripeness improved in Germany

A 
Climate change
Summer pruning 
Better clone selection 
Green harvesting 
Hand harvesting
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16
Q

Why is good canopy mgmt important in Germany

A

Reduce fungal disease pressure (aeration)

Max sun exposure - grapes fully ripe

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17
Q

Viticulture Germany

A

Single & double guyot vsp trellised

Pendlebogen - replacement can arch - improves sap flow so higher yields

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18
Q

Style of kabinet

A 
Dry to medium sweet (dry 12, sweet 8-9)
L to m abv
Delicate l body
H acidity 
Green fruits citrus
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19
Q

Style Spatlese

A

Dry to med sweet
More body, abv, riper & concentration v kabinett

Grapes fully ripe picked 2 was later than kabinett

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20
Q

Style auslese

A 
Can be dry but usually sweeter
Extra ripe grapes
Richer, riper
Poss noble rot flavour 
Honey
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21
Q

Does BA need to be botrytis grapes

A

No but usually are

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22
Q

Which pradikat level is noble rot grapes required

A

Tba

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23
Q

Style tba & ba

A

Sweet
L abv
Honey, dried fruits, candid peel, floral

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24
Q

Is harvest by hand or mechanised

A

Both
Inexpensive mechanised
Ba & tba have to be hand harvested
Pradikats usually hand harvested

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25
Q

Riesling characteristics

A 
Late budding 
Thick wood - frost resistant 
Late ripening- needs sun & autumn
Susceptible botrytis 
Retains acidity 
Can produce naturally h sugar levels
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26
Q

Main grape varieties

A

Riesling
Muller thurgau
Spatburgundee
Dornfelder

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27
Q

How is Eiswein made

A 
Frozen berries pressed
Healthy grapes so no off flavour 
Berries must be frozen and not artificially so must be -7 c max to pick
Small amount concentrated juice released
Premium
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28
Q

What does halbtroken mean

A

Off dry

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29
Q

NTH what does einzellagen & grosslargen which can be used for Qualitatswein & pradikatswein mean

A

Single vineyard & collective vineyard respectively

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30
Q

NTH issues with einzellagen & grosslagen terms

A

Difficult to tell quality

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31
Q

What does vdp stand for and what is there aim

A

Verband deutscher pradikatsweinguter
To classify higher quality vineyards
More rules lower yields

32
Q

Is gg part of German law

A

Coming into law - transition period

Grosse large is equivalent grand cru site

33
Q

Issues pradikatswein

A

Consumers can’t tell sweetness some producers use eu labels for weightless but based on must weight it’s not necessarily how it tastes

34
Q

Mkt German wines

A 
Domestic (90)
USA
Netherlands
Uk
Norway
35
Q

Domestic wine trend

A

Drier styles & red wine

36
Q

Route to mkt

A

Growers to merchants or Co-ops
Estates
Merchants more inexpensive
Quality Co-op & estates

37
Q

Wine making Germany

A 
Enrichment common
De acidification- inexpensive bulk wines
Stainless steel temp controlled or some old oak
Barriques - red wine & Chardonnay 
Ferment to dry
Sussreserve - inexpensive 
Stop ferment quality (so2, filter, rack)
Richmond deutscherwein only
38
Q

Where is silvaner we mainly grown

A

Rheinhessen

Franken

39
Q

Style of wine silvaner

A

Simple inexpensive
Dry & sweet
Less acidic & fruity v Riesling
H quality Franken

40
Q

Red wine production Germany inexpensive

A

Thermovinification (quick Color & flavour extraction)

Fermented off skins = l tannins

41
Q

Red wine production expensive Pinot

A

Cold maceration
Whole bunch ferment
Oak maturation

42
Q

Areas in Germany spatburgundee grown

A

Pfalz

Baden

43
Q

Style Dornfelder

A 
Deep colour
H acidity 
Fruity easy drinking 
Residual sugar - sour cherry, blackberry
Complex @ lower yields oak
44
Q

Name 3 of the best known middle mosel villages

A

Piesport
Bernkastel
Wehlen

45
Q

Where are the best vineyards situated in Mosel

A

V steep slopes
Slate soil - radiates heat
S facing
Next to river

46
Q

4 vdp categories

A

Vdp gutswein
Vdp ortswein
Erste lage
Grosse lage

47
Q

What does gutwein mean

A

Generic/regional burgundy

48
Q

Ortswein

A

Village burgundy

49
Q

Este lage

A

Premier cru burgundy

50
Q

Grosse lage

51
Q

Style Mosel Riesling

A 
Lighter body
Lower abv
H acidity 
Floral, citrus, green fruits
Ability to age
52
Q

Can Eiswein come from Mosel

A

Yes usually cold enough

53
Q

Mosel reputation

A

Sweeter styles of pradikatswein

54
Q

Where is nahe in Germany

A

Between Mosel & rheinhessen

Best vineyards banks of nahe river

55
Q

Nahe Riesling style

A

Between Mosel & fuller bodied Riesling of Rheingau/ rhienhessen/ Pfalz
Acidity of Mosel but riper flavour

56
Q

NTH What is ahr region known for

A

Spatburgunder

Spice h tannins

57
Q

Where are the vineyards in Rheingau

A

on banks of river Rhine & river main
S facing aspect
Hills protection

58
Q

What is Rheingau known for

A

H quality age worthy Riesling and some f body Pinot noir

59
Q

Around which villages are Rheingau vineyards located

A

Johannisberg

Rudesheim

60
Q

Style of Rheingau Riesling

A

Dry m to f body
Peach
Or ba/tba sweet wines

61
Q

Criteria erstes gewachs & grosses gewachs in law

A 
85% single variety 
Hand picked (grosses)
Selective picking (erstes)
Lower yields 50 grosses, 60 erstes
Dry
62
Q

Region in Germany largest under vine

A

Rhienhessen

63
Q

Which variety’s can rhienhessen make as gg

A

Riesling

Pinot noir

64
Q

Where are the vineyards planted in rhienhessen

A

Mainly flat fertile plains valley floor = high volume inexpensive

65
Q

Which river runs through rheinhessen

66
Q

Which is the driest Germany region and why

A

Pfalz
Rain shadow haardt mountains
Poss drought risk

67
Q

Which gg can be made in Pfalz

A

Pinot Blanc, noir

Riesling

68
Q

Wurttemberg area know for

A

Light fruity reds

69
Q

NTH wurttemberg area known for which grapes

A

Blaufrankish

Schiava

70
Q

Which region is the warmest

A

Baden
Benefits rainshadow Vosges
S latitude

71
Q

Baden best known for which grape variety

A

Pinot noir

72
Q

Where are the best slopes in baden

A

S facing slope extinct volcano = fuller body wines, h abv, complex, Smokey

73
Q

Which region know for silvaner

74
Q

New legislation in Jan 20 introduced geographical hierarchy for which

A

Qualitatswein

75
Q

New Qualitatswein

A

Wine growing area
Region
Village wine - ortwein
Single vineyard (einzellage) for min kabinet quality split into erstes gewachs & grosses gewachs

76
Q

Requirements erstes gewachs and grosses gewachs

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