New York State

Question 1

new york state location

Answer 1

north-east USA

borders great lakes and st lauren river to the north and atlantic cost line do the south west

Question 2

general climate of nys

Answer 2

cool but various differences

Question 3

production of nys

Answer 3

3rd largest producer of vitis vinifera by volume in the usa

Question 4

story of nys

Answer 4

1. mid 1800 first wines from american vines, planted next to bodies of water for moderating influences (because of continental climate), mostly along Hudson and Erie lake
2. in 1957 dr konstantin frank experiments with riesling and chardonnay with grafting, builds vinifera wine cellar
3. 1976 farm winery act permits wineries to sell directly to public, many new companies starts
4. now over 400 wineries, producing 14 ml hl a year

Question 5

main ava of nys

Answer 5

finger lakes
long island
hudson river

Question 6

why is it called finger lakes?

Answer 6

because covers 11 finger shaped lakes

Question 7

finger lakes climate

Answer 7

cool continental too cold for vitis vinifera, lakes are moderating

Question 8

finger lakes main feature of the lakes

Answer 8

are not large but deep down to 200mt, they don’t freeze during winter

Question 9

moderating influences of the lakes in finger lakes

Answer 9

1. slopes around the lakes, cold air drains towards the water, than warms up reaching the lakes creating a vacuum that moves cold air out of the area
2. lake-effect snow, insulate vines during winter
3. moderating influences, longer growing season, reduce autumn frost
4. cool air delays budburst in spring, less spring frost

Question 10

sub ava (lakes) of finger lakes

Answer 10

seneca
cayuga

Question 11

best vineyards of finger lakes location

Answer 11

steeper areas fertile soils and sufficient rainfall

Question 12

main training system of finger lakes

Answer 12

scott henry canopy split vertically or horizontally to increase air circulation and light penetration

Question 13

how can you insulate (cover up) the vines during winter in finger lakes?

Answer 13

1. naturally with snow
2. hilling up the soil to cover the graft

Question 14

hybrids in finger lakes

Answer 14

concord
niagara
cayuga
vidal

were the most planted before konstantin frank brought vinifera and grafting

Question 15

most planted varieties in finger lakes and style and winemaking

Answer 15

1. riesling - from dry to sweet, protective techniques and stainless steel cold temp, skin contact and lees might be used, also late harvest, botrytis o stop ferment for sweeter styles
2. chardonnay - still and sparkling, oak
3. cabernet franc - less new oak or no oak at all, french or hungarian oak, produces enough yields and winter hardy

Question 16

other grapes in finger lakes from v vinifera

Answer 16

pinot noir
gewurztraminer
cabernet sauvignon
merlot
pinot gris

Question 17

most famous producers of finger lakes

Answer 17

heymann j wiemer
forge cellars

Question 18

american vines grown today in finger lakes for wine production

Answer 18

1. traminette - gewurzlike, high acidity, low alcohol)
2. vignoles - high acidity, non dry styles, botrytis)
3. vidal - icewine

Question 19

non vinifera vines are used mostly for the production of what in finger lakes

Answer 19

grape juice jellies jam

Question 20

long island main climatic feature

Answer 20

surrounded by water (atlantic ocean, peconic bay, long island sound) maritime climate slow release of summer heat into autumn (harvest) longer growing season (bordeaux varietals)

Question 21

main problem of long island ava

Answer 21

fungal because of high humidity some wind in coastal sites can help canopy management, spraying, sorting

Question 22

2 main areas of long island

Answer 22

1. north folk - warmer, more protected from atlantic ocean, large majority of vines are here, sandy soils
2. hamptons - silt loam soil

Question 23

main feature of soils of long island

Answer 23

free draining low fertility (limits vine vigour)

Question 24

trellis system in long island

Answer 24

vsp

Question 25

varietals in long island

Answer 25

1. bordeaux varietals - merlot, cab sauv/franc, matured in oak (new oak also)
2. chardonnay, unoaked and oaked
3. sauv blanc, riesling, pinot gris, low temp ferment, unoaked, fruity

Question 26

hudson river ava story

Answer 26

300 years of winemaking first commercial winery in 1827 oldest active winery in the us since 1839

Question 27

hudson river climate and soils

Answer 27

continental (spring frost, winter freeze) glacial deposit of shale slate, schist, limestone

Question 28

varietals of hudson river

Answer 28

seyval blanc, vidal (hybrid) riesling, chard, cab franc (vinifera)

Question 29

what has changed in new york state recently?

Answer 29

small producers raised quality and large wineries failed or had to change

Question 30

where is wine mostly sold in nys?

Answer 30

cellar doors on trade is slow to embrace wines from the state