Jura Flashcards
where is Jura located?
east of burgundy and borders with switzerland
how was Jura back in the day and what changed?
jura was 10 times its size after 1850 the arrival of mildew, phlloxera, and the railway that transported wines from the southern france to paris reduced the plantings
jura climate
moderate continental
rainfall in jura
high, over 1100mm per year
problems of rainfall in jura
disrupt growing season - especially flowering and fruit set, reducing yields is harder to work inside the vineyards (heavy clay soils) fungal diseses
problems other than rain in jura
hail (less now because of climate change) spring frost
altitude in jura
250/400mt
vineyard main location
jura mountains west facing slopes
soils in jura
clay, marl some limestone
a problem inside the vineyard and how it is solved
erosion grass between rows and limit herbicide
training in jura
replacement cane, high pruning (for spring frost) vsp for air flow and reducing fungal
harvesting
machine (reduce cost and time) by hand where the slopes are too steep
yields in jura
they are all well under the aoc limit (e.g. 2017 reds at 23hl/ha) mostly because of weather hazards (frost, hail, heavy rain that brought mildew, or excessive heat)
most planted grape in jura and why
chardonnay (40% total) much goes into cremant du jura
savagnin use
both dry wines and vin jaune
savagnin budding
early (spring frost risk)
skin of savagnin
thick skinned (resist to fungal diseases)
favourite soils of savagnin
marl (especially in steep slopes)
poulsard alternative name
ploussard
most planted red variety in jura
poulsard
poulsard budding/ripening
buds early (spring frost risk) ripens early (harvest before autumn rains)
poulsard is prone to
coulure (reduce yields) fungal diseases (thin skinned)
poulsard style
light colour, light tannins, high acidiy, medium alcohol, light boy, good to vg in quality, mid to premium prices
pinot noir plantings and use
second most planted red grape also used in cremant and dry
trousseau is prone to
botrytis bunch rot, poor flowering, coulure they all reduce yields
trousseau skin
thick (resistant to fungal diseases)
trousseau vigour
high vigour needs plenty of canopy management
what trousseau needs to ripen fully?
warm site (e.g. gravel, or lower part of the slope, or higher well exposed top of the slope)
trousseau style
pale ruby, low intensity red fruit, low to mid tannins, medium to high acidity, good to vg, mid to premium.
conventional white wines winemaking
stainless steel, or old oak vats at mid temperaturs (fruity esters not desidered) mlf is common
jura red wine winemaking
short maceration (5-10 days) 30 temperature carbonic/semi-carbonic ageing in old oak cask (new oak is rare) for usually less than one year
trousseau and pinot noir vinification is different than other reds?
longer skin maceration to have more structure
what is vin jaune?
is an oxidised style of wine made from savagnin grapes only fermented to dryness and then aged under flor
how is called the flor-like yeast in jura?
le voile
for how long vin jaune needs to age?
6 years total (5 under flor)
how producers in jura can create the flor?
- inoculate wine with selected yeast 2. naturally (needs perfect cellar conditions and well vintilated with seasonal temp changes)
main difference between sherry flor and jura flor
wine is not constantly added so the aromas are both biological and oxidative
is vin jaune more alcoholic than conventional wine?
yes, alcohol rises 1 degree up to 13.5 to 15% (water transpiration from the barrel)
vin jaune aromas
bread dough, almond, ginger, green apple
ageing of vin jaune
several decades
are all savagnin flor barrels used for vin jaune?
no, some are taken off early (2-3 years of veil) to make wines with less flor aromas or to be blended with chardonnay
what is vin de paille?
sweet wine made in limited quantities made by drying the grapes off the vine
varieties for vin de paille
all jura varietals
% and residual sugar of vin de paille
above 14% 70-120g/L
vin de paille ageing
in oak minimum 18 months released after 3 years
biggest appellation of jura and what styles
cotes de jura aoc (all jura plus a small southern area of 560ha of the same name) all five styles allowed (red, rose, white, vin jaune, vin de paille) but is mostly white
arbois aoc style and location
all styles but mostly reds around the town of arbois
chateau chalon style
vin jaune only
L’etoile aoc style
whites only (including vin jaune and vin de paille)
maximum yield of vin de paille in all aocs
20hl/ha
white wine in jura shared rules (including vin jaune and vin de paille)
80% min of savagnin/chardonnay maximum yields of 60hl/ha
red wines of jura shared appellation rules
80% pinot noir, poulsard, trousseau max yield 55hl/ha
vin jaune shared aoc rules (except chateau chalon)
savignin only 60hl/ha voile 60months minimum (no racking or topping up) sold seven years after harviest in january only 62cl clavelin bottles (EU exception)
chateau chalon vin june max yields
30hl/ha
who produces jura in %
50% estates 30% negociants 20% co-op (only four that are managing around 50% of the wine sold)
three companies that are doing 50% of wine sold
fruitiere vinicole d’arbois (co-op) la maison de vigneron (negoce owned by grands chais de france) henri maire (negoce owned by boissed)
jura estates winemaking general style
organic/natural wine (20%)
main problem in jura production
vintage variation affects volume highly
how much jura wine is exported?
20% boomed in the last 15 years
vin jaune annual wine fair is called
the percee du vin jaune raised the profile of the wine highly
