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Neuroscience > Neurotransmitters and Signaling > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters and Signaling Flashcards

1
Q

Name all small molecule transmitters (that are on the slides)!

A 
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Glycine
Glutamate
Aspartate
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2
Q

What does GABA stand for?

A

Gamma aminobutyric acid

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3
Q

Name two transmitters of the group amino acids that are inhibitory!

A

GABA

Glycine

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4
Q

Name two transmitters of the group amino acids that are excitatory!

A

Glutamate

Aspartate

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5
Q

Name three transmitters of the group biogenic amines and whether they are inhibitory or excitatory!

A

Norepinephrine (excitatory or inhibitory)
Dopamine (generally excitatory)
Serotonin (generally inhibitory)

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6
Q

The properties of acetylcholine:

A

Excitatory to vertebrate skeletal muscles.

Excitatory or inhibitory on other sites.

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7
Q

Which small molecule transmitters do also occur in the PNS?

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

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8
Q

Name four neurotransmitter peptides!

A

VIP
Substance P
Neurotensin
Insulin

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9
Q

Name one co-existing transmitter peptide to Norepinephrine!

A

Neurotensin

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10
Q

In what part of the neuron are peptides produced?

A

In the soma, because they are a gene product!

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11
Q

How are small molecule neurotransmitters produced?

A

They are produced enzymatically very close to the axon terminal.

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12
Q

Where exactly are precursor peptides produced?

A

In the rough ER.

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13
Q

Where are precursor peptides turned into active peptide neurotransmitters?

A

The Golgi Apparatus.

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14
Q

What are peptide neurotransmitters stored in?

A

Secretory Granules

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15
Q

Where are small molecule transmitters stored in?

A

Synaptic vesicles.

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16
Q

What gathers small molecule transmitters and puts them in synaptic vesicles?

A

Transporter proteins

17
Q

Two possible ways of signal distribution and multiplication:

A
  • Diffuse and extensive axonal branching

- Interneuron Cascades

18
Q

Name an example for diffuse and extensional axonal branching!

A

Dopaminergic System

19
Q

Name an example for Interneuron cascades!

A

Limbic System

20
Q

Name three inactive amino acid transmitters!

A

Leucine
Lysine
Threonine

21
Q

Name three inhibitory amino acid transmitters!

A

GABA
Glycine
Taurine

22
Q

Name three excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters!

A

Glutamate
Aspartate
Cysteinic Acid

23
Q

What was the first neurotransmitter to be discovered?

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

What are the most used transmitters in the CNS?

A

Glutamate

GABA

25
Q

What transmitters are most common in the PNS?

A

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

26
Q

What are GABAa receptors?

A

GABA gated chloride channels

27
Q

What are GABAb receptors?

A

Metabotropic receptors that cause strong inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) by acting on potassium channels.

28
Q

Two types of receptors that exist for both Glutamate and GABA?

A

Metabotropic Receptors

Ionotropic Rceptors

29
Q

Name a fast acting type of receptor!

A

Ionotropic receptor

30
Q

Name a slow acting type of receptor!

A

Metabotropic Receptors

31
Q

7 functions GABAa receptors regulate:

A 
Anxiety
Excitability of the Brain
Motor Functions
Circadian Rhythms
Sleep
Vigilance
Learning and Memory
32
Q

Name 4 functions GABAb receptors regulate!

A

Excitability of the Brain
Activity of the Dopaminergic System
Neuronal and Brain Development
Rhythm Generators in the Brain

33
Q

All norepinephrine receptors are ………. ?

A

Metabotropic Receptors

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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