Cell Biology I

Question 1

What can be found in neurons that is also found in other cells?

Answer 1

Cell Body (Soma)
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus

Question 2

What cell parts are specific to a neuron?

Answer 2

Dendrites
Spines
Axon
Axon Hillock
Synapses

Question 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum can be subdivided in?

Answer 3

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

What do intracellular and extracellular membranes of cells consist of?

Answer 4

Phospholipid Bilayers

Question 5

What do Mitochondria produce?

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 6

Adenosine-Triphosphate

Question 7

What is also refered to as “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer?

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

What is ATP broken down to, when energy is needed?

Answer 8

ADP and Phosphate

Question 9

Where can chomosomes be found?

Answer 9

in the Nucleus

Question 10

How many different chromosomes do humans usually have?

Answer 10

46 (23 from Papa, 23 from Mama)

Question 11

Is the DNA identical in all cells of a body?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What are chromosomes composed of?

Answer 12

DNA (genetic material) and Histones (structural proteins)

Question 13

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 13

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

Question 14

How are the tiny parts called that form a chain to comprise the DNA?

Answer 14

Nucleotides

Question 15

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 15

• a base
• a deoxyribose
• a phosphate group

Question 16

When a copy of the DNA is made, how do we call the copy?

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 17

messengerRNA (RiboNucleic Acid)

Question 18

What is needed for protein synthesis?

Answer 18

a piece of mRNA ( = building plan) and a Ribosome (builder)

Question 19

What are the dots on the rough endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 19

Ribosomes

Question 20

Are there also free floating ribosomes?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes are destined for?

Answer 21

the Cytosol

Question 22

Proteins syntesized on the rough ER are destined for?

Answer 22

the membrane

Question 23

What is Cytosol (aka. intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix)?

Answer 23

The liquid found inside cells, but not inside cell organelles.

Question 24

What is the name for that part of the cytoplasm not held within cell organelles?

Answer 24

Cytosol

Question 25

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 25

Everything inside a cell apart from the nucleus.

Question 26

What is the cell body called?

Answer 26

the Soma

Question 27

What is the name for the perforated double membrane of the nucleus?

Answer 27

Nuclear Envelope

Question 28

What are genes?

Answer 28

Specific sections or stretches of DNA and RNA.

Question 29

If the nucleus was a library, what kind of a library would it be?

Answer 29

eine Präsenzbibliothek (a reference library):

only copies of the DNA are allowed to leave the nucleus

Question 30

What is the technical term for “reading the DNA”?

Answer 30

gene expression

Question 31

What is the technical term for “copying” genes?

Answer 31

transcription

Question 32

How is the “copy of a gene” called?

Answer 32

mRNA

Question 33

What is the term for the process that begins with a mRNA and ends with a protein?

Answer 33

translation

Question 34

[DNA] — ??? —> [mRNA] > — translation —> [Protein]

Answer 34

transcription

Question 35

[DNA] — transcription —> [mRNA] > — ??? —> [Protein]

Answer 35

translation

Question 36

What are nucleotides?

Answer 36

Molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids (in DNA and RNA).
They can also serve to transport ATP.