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Neuroscience > Imaging Techniques I > Flashcards

Imaging Techniques I Flashcards

1
Q

What does fMRI stand for?

A

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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2
Q

What does PET stand for?

A

Positron Emission Tomography

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3
Q

What does MRT stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Tomography

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4
Q

What does EEG stand for?

A

ElectroEncephaloGraphy

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5
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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6
Q

What does NMRI stand for?

A

Nuclear Magentic Resonance Imaging

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7
Q

Name two disadvantages of PET?

A

expensive

complex mathematics

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8
Q

What does SPECT stand for?

A

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

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9
Q

What does NMR stand for?

A

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

This is a physical phenomenon used in NMR-Imaging techniques.

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10
Q

What does BOLD stand for?

A

blood-oxygen-level-dependent

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11
Q

What does fMRI primarily measure?

A

the BOLD contrast

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12
Q

What is the BOLD contrast based on?

A

the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood

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13
Q

Can fMRI theoretically use other biomarkers than the BOLD signal?

A

Yes, and there is research going on in this field (aim: improve spatial and time resolution).

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14
Q

Arterial blood is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor?

A

Oxygen-rich

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15
Q

Venous blood is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor?

A

Oxygen-poor

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16
Q

What is measured in EEG?

A

Voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain.

17
Q

What does CT stand for?

A

Computed Tomography

18
Q

What does CAT stand for?

A

Computed Axial Tomography

19
Q

On what is CT and CAT based?

A

x-rays

20
Q

What does MRI use to take measures?

A

magnetic fields and radio waves

21
Q

What do MRI techniques not use (which is good!)?

A

X-rays and radioactive tracers

22
Q

What does MEG stand for?

A

Magnetoencephalography

23
Q

How does MEG work?

A

it measures the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain via extremely sensitive devices

24
Q

MEG: what about spatial and temporal resolution?

A

High temporal resoltution

Low spatial resolution

25
Q

How does PET work?

A

PET measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals that have been injected into the bloodstream.

26
Q

What has to be done prior to a PET session?

A

The positron emitting radioisotopes used are produced by a cyclotron, and chemicals are labeld with these radioactive atoms. This labeled compound, called a radiotracer, is injected into the bloodstream and eventually reaches the brain.

27
Q

Advantages of PET?

A
  • High resolution

- Speed of Completion

28
Q

Biggest drawback of PET?

A

It is limited to monitoring short tasks.

29
Q

How does SPECT work?

A

Like PET, but using gamma ray emitting radioisotopes and a gamma camera.

30
Q

Why is it cool that PET works with different compounds as a radiotracer?

A

Because of that PET has the advantage of being able to identify specific brain receptors associated with particular neurotransmitters.

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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