Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Biochemical steps in Neurotransmission
1) synthesis
2) release
3) receptor action
4) inactivation
Ionotropic Receptors
Excitatory; ligand gated ion channels
Metabotropic Channels
Inhibitory; consist of receptor and G protein; can activate enzymatic cascade
Small Molecule Neurotransmitters
1) Acetylcholine (ACh)
2) Dopamine (DA)
3) Norepinephrine (NE)
4) Epinephrine (EP)
5) Serotonin (5-HT)
6) Glutamate (Glu)
7) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
8) Glycine (Gly)
9) Histamine
Classes of Neurotransmitters
1) small molecule
2) peptides
3) gases
Amines
Phenylalanine ➡️Tyrosine ➡️ L-Dopa ➡️ Dopamine ➡️ Norepinephrine ➡️ Epinephrine
Glycine
Inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential
Neurotransmitter binding opens cation channels (Na, K, Ca)
EPSP often evoked by…
Glutamate (CNS) and Acetylcholine (PNS)
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential
Neurotransmitter binding opens Cl channels
IPSP often evoked by…
GABA (CNS) and Glycine (PNS)
Glutamate
Excitatory transmitter in Brian
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Inhibitory transmitter in brain
Nitric Oxide
Stimulates smooth muscle of blood vessels to dilate
Carbon Monoxide
Intestinal relaxation
Cholinergic System
Maintains waking pattern of cortex and plays role in memory
Death of cholinergic neurons related to…
Alzheimer’s
Nigrostriatial Pathway
Maintains normal motor behaior
Loss of dopamine in nigrostriatial pathway linked to…
Muscle rigidity in Parkinson’s
Mesolimbic Pathway
Involved in reward and pleasure
Increase of dopamine in mesolimbic pathway related to…
Schizophrenia
Noradrenergic System
Maintains emotional tone
Decrease in NE related to…
Depression
Increase in NE related to…
Mania
