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Psy 303 > Evolution and anatomy > Flashcards

Evolution and anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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2
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

Top (like fin)

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4
Q

Ventral

A

Stomach surface

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5
Q

Medial

A

Middle

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from middle

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7
Q

Rostral

A

Nose

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Tail

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9
Q

Horizontal section

A

Transverse

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10
Q

Sagittal section

A

Runs parallel to midline

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11
Q

Coronal section

A

Headphone-like

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12
Q

Hox genes

A

Transcription factors that activate other genes that in turn produce the segment structures of the body of animals

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13
Q

Afferent

A

Information coming into brain

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14
Q

Efferent

A

Information going out of the brain

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15
Q

Bell-Magendie Law

A

Dorsal roots of spinal cord are sensory and ventral roots are motor

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16
Q

Functions of Spinal cord

A
  • Relay body info to brain
  • carry brain info to muscles
  • spinal cord behaviors (reflexes)
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17
Q

Spinal Cord Reflexes

A

Stretch, stepping, placing, scratch

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18
Q

What is the most simple behavioral circuit?

A

Stretch spinal reflex

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19
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of movement and sensation

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20
Q

NOGO

A

Chemical secreted in adult spinal cord that prevents modifications by sprouting neurons from happening

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21
Q

Dorsal part of brain stem is ________, and ventral part is ________

A

Sensory; motor

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22
Q

Diencephalon is composed of…

A

Epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

23
Q

Epithalamus

A

Seasonal rhythms

24
Q

Thalamus

A

Cortical relay system

25
Q

What does the Hypothalamus regulate?

A

1) drinking
2) eating
3) temperature
4) sleep
5) salt
6) sexual motivation
7) sexual behavior
8) stress

26
Q

When this is damaged, it results in aphagia…

A

Lateral hypothalamic nucleus

27
Q

When this is damaged, it results in hyperphagia…

A

Ventrimedial hypothalamic nucleus

28
Q

Mid brain (mesencephalon) is composed of…

A

Tectum and tegmentum

29
Q

Tectum

A

Sensory; comprised of superior and inferior colliculi

30
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Visual control (map of place)

31
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Auditory control (map of sound frequency)

32
Q

Tegmentum

A

Motor; composed of substantial nigra and reticular formation

33
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Plays functional role in reward, addiction, and movement

34
Q

Damage to sunstantia nigra results in…

A

Parkinson’s

35
Q

Reticular formation

A

Loosely clustered neurons amidst white matter; involved in sleep, arousal, attention, movement, and some reflexes

36
Q

Cerebellum is involved in…

A

Motor behavior, motor skill, and motor learning

37
Q

Forebrain (telencephalon) is made up of…

A

Limbic system, basal ganglia, and the (neo)cortex

38
Q

Limbic system

A

Personal memory (emotional processing)

39
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Reward and associational memory (reward)

40
Q

Neocortex

A

Creates reality (sensory and motor)

41
Q

Limbic system is made up of…

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate cortex

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory and spatial navigation

43
Q

Amygdala

A

Processing and memory of emotional stimuli

44
Q

Cingulate (Limbic) cortex

A

Linking behavioral outcomes to motivation

45
Q

Basal ganglia is comprised of…

A

Dorsal and ventral striatum

46
Q

Dorsal striatum is composed of…

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra

47
Q

Ventral striatum is composed of…

A

Nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle

48
Q

Gyri

A

Bumps in brain

49
Q

Sulci

A

Cracks in the brain

50
Q

Lateral fissure

A

Divides temporal lobe from frontal lobe

51
Q

Ventral sulcus

A

Separates sensory area from motor area

52
Q

Functions of the cortex

A 
Memory
Attention
Perception
Awareness
Though
Language
Consciousness
53
Q

Stepwise evolution

A

1) neuron and muscle
2) nerve net
3) segmentation
4) ganglia
5) brain

Psy 303 (16 decks)

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