Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Synthesis of Ach uses
Acetyl Coa and choline
Acetylcholine is secreted where
Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (mACH- meynert, muscarinic)
Enzyme that degrades Ach
Acetylcholinesterase
Associated with ach deficiency
Alzheimer’s
Dopamin is found where
Substantia nigra para compacta and ventral tegmental area (dope)
Dopamine is degraded by
MAOI and COMT
Where is serotonin produced
Median raphe
Wc catecholamine has stronger B2 effect
Epinephrine
Where is NE produced
ILOCUS NORte (Locus ceruleus, NORepinephrine)
Inhibitor of pain pathway
Serotonin (sero pain)
Happy hormone
Serotonin
Where is serotonin converted to melatonin
Pineal gland
Resting membrane potential is caused by
Nernst potential for Na and K diffusion, Na-K leak channels, Na-K-ATPase pump
What is Threshold
When Na influx > K leak/Efflux
Undershoot is caused by
Prolonged opening of K channels
Where do you get tetradotoxin
Puffer fish
Where do you get saxitoxin
Mussels (dinoflagellates)
Example of potassium channel blocker
Tetraethylammoniun (puffer fish)
Ionic basis for absolute refractory period
Closure of Na inactivation gates
Ionic basis for relative refractory period
Prolonged opening of K channels (POK- eR (relative))
When a cell is depolarized so SLOWLY such that the theshold potential is passed without firing an action potential
Accomodation
Where is ADH secreted
Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
ADH responds to ECF changes detected by osmoreceptors found where
Organum vasculosum (OrgasOSM)
Where is oxytocin produced
Paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
Most comon causr of elderly dementia
Alzheimer’s
Dopamine deficiency leads to
Parkinsons
Dopamine excess leads to
Schizophrenia
Long term behavior and memory
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide is from?
ArgiNIne (argentiNO)
Histamine is from
Histidine
Histamine is located where
Tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus
Involved in control of arousal, sleedp and circadian rhythm
Histamine
GlycINE is flound where
Spinal interneurons (glyc+ (sp)INE= glycINE)
Function of glycine
Increases chloride influx(inhibitory)
Number 1 inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
GABA
GABA is derived from
Glutamate
Function of GABA
A- chloride influx ; B- potassium efflux
Excitatory NT in brain
Glutamate
Inhibit neurons in the brain, involved in perception of pain
Enkephaljn, endorphin, dynorphin
Pain transmission
Substance P (substance pain)
Potential difference that exist across the membrane
Resting membrane potential
Typical resting membrane potential value
-70mV
Time periods in an action potential during wc new stimulus cannot be readily elicited
Refractory period
