Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neurotransmitter ?

A

4 criteria :

  • Synthesis
  • Storage
  • Release
  • Inactivation
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2
Q

Synthesis

A

The NT must be made in the pre-synaptic neuron

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3
Q

Storage

A

The NT must be stored presynaptically

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4
Q

Release

A

The NT must be released on demand

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5
Q

Inactivation

A

The NT must be inactivated

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6
Q

Inactivation of Neurotransmitters

A

Reuptake
Enzymal inactviation
Diffusion

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7
Q

Receptor types

A

Ionotropic
Metabotropic

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8
Q

Main neurotransmitters classified by structure

A

Amino acids
Biogenic Amines
Peptides

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9
Q

Amino acids

A

Glutamate
GABA
Glycine

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10
Q

Biogenic Amines

A

Catecholamines
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin

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11
Q

Peptides

A

Encephalin
Endorphin
Dynorphin

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12
Q

Primary excitatory NT in CNS

A

Glutamate
Involved in memory, learning and cell death
Ionotropic receptor

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13
Q

Primary inhibitory NT in CNS

A

GABA
Acts via ligand gated chloride channels

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14
Q

Glycine

A

Primary inhibitory NT in spinal cord and brainstem

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15
Q

Synaptic plasticity

A

Process by which synapses are strengthened or weakened by feedback mechanisms.

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16
Q

Epilepsy

A

Excess excitation causes a feedback loop

17
Q

How are GABA proteins inactivated ?

A

By presynaptic uptake

18
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani
Inhibits release of glycine

19
Q

How is tetanus treated ?

A

Anti-toxins and benzodiazepines

20
Q

Where are catecholamines synthesised ?

A

In the bouton and inactivated principally by re-uptake

21
Q

Parkinsons

A

Depleted dopamine in motor co-ordination circuits

22
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Over production of dopamine
Treatment with antipsychotics

23
Q

Serotonin

A

Large family of excitatory and inhibitory receptors in CNS and PNS.

Modulates a range of NTs, e.g. glutamate, GABA, dopamine

24
Q

Effects of serotonin

A

Depression
OCD
Some drugs of abuse

25
Peptides
Made in cell body, transported to the bouton
26
Endorphins and encephalins
Pain Emotional perception
27
Alzheimers disease
Dysfunction of ACh in CNS
28
Nicotine
Acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in CNS and PNS
29
Function of anticholineesterases
Prevent the breakdown of ACh; prolongs its activity Can be therapeutic e.g. Alzheimers Also toxic ; insecticides; nerve gasses