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Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 - Part 2 > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the adult body is fluid ?

A

Approx 60%

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2
Q

How much fluid is found intracellularly ?

A

Approx 70% - approx 28L

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3
Q

How much fluid is found extracellularly ?

A

Approx 30% - approx 14L

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4
Q

What does extracellular fluid include ?

A

Interstitial fluid (mostly)
Plasma
Also transcellular fluid - synovial, peritoneal, pericardial, intraocular, cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

How are the body compartments separated ?

A

By membranes

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6
Q

What is the approximate volume of blood in the body ?

A

5L (7% total body weight)

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7
Q

What does blood contain ?

A

ECF - plasma
ICF - fluid in the RBC’s

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8
Q

What is the difference in composition between plasma and interstitial fluids ?

A

Plasma has a higher concentration of proteins

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9
Q

Why does plasma have a higher concentration of proteins ?

A

Both plasma and interstitial fluid exchange substances through highly permeable capillary membranes, but most proteins are too big to permeate and so are maintained in higher concentration plasma than in interstitial spaces.

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10
Q

What is the intracellular concentration of potassium ?

A

140 mM

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11
Q

What is the intracellular concentration of sodium ?

A

15 mM

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12
Q

What is the intracellular concentration of chloride ?

A

5 mM

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13
Q

What is the extracellular concentration of potassium ?

A

5 mM

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14
Q

What is the extracellular concentration of sodium ?

A

140 mM

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15
Q

What is the extracellular concentration of chloride ?

A

110 mM

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16
Q

Which 2 ions have similar ICF and ECF concentrations ?

A

Sodium and Chloride

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17
Q

What anions have high ICF concentrations ?

A

Protein
PO4 and organic anions

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18
Q

What cations have high ICF concentrations ?

A

Potassium

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19
Q

What anions have high ECF concentrations ?

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Chloride

20
Q

What cations have high ECF concentrations ?

A

Sodium

21
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

Provides structure and is a physical barrier separating intracellular from extracellular fluids.

The barrier is dynamic with specialised proteins to allow controlled movement of water and solutes across the membrane.

22
Q

Amphipathic

A

Has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties

23
Q

Name the parts of the lipid bilayer

A

Phosphate
Glycerol
Fatty acids

Membrane proteins - integral, peripheral, lipid anchored

24
Q

Describe the phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophobic interior
Hydrophilic exterior

25
Q

Describe the cell membrane composition

A

55% Protein
25% Phospholipid
13% Cholesterol
4% Other lipids
3% Carbohydrates

26
Q

Phospholipids

A

Form the basic hydrophobic/hydrophilic bilayer

27
Q

Spingolipids

A

Contain amino alcohols and have hydrophilic-hydrophobic characters.
Are in most cell membranes especially NERVE CELLS.

28
Q

Cholesterol

A

Dissolved in the membrane and contributes to fluidity

29
Q

Channel proteins

A

Have watery spaces through the molecule allowing free movement of water and some other molecules and ions

30
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Bind to molecules or ions and move them through the protein to cross the bilayer.

31
Q

What word is used to describe channel and carrier proteins ?

A

Selective

32
Q

Types of membrane transport

A

Active
Passive

33
Q

Passive transport

A

Down the concentration gradient
Doesn’t require energy

34
Q

Active transport

A

Up the concentration gradient
Requires energy

35
Q

Difference between Primary and Secondary active transport

A

Primary - uses the energy source directly
Secondary - indirect use of the energy source

36
Q

Name the 3 factors which influence the rate of transport

A

Concentration
Electrical potential
Pressure

37
Q

Describe how concentration influences the rate of transport

A

The net diffusion is proportional to the concentration difference across a membrane .
Concentration outside - concentration inside

38
Q

Describe how the electrical potential influences the rate of transport

A

Electrical potential drives the movement of ions to the opposite pole.
Movement occurs even against a concentration gradient.

39
Q

Describe how pressure influences the rate of transport

A

Pressure differences across membranes increases the forces of molecular motion and diffusion increases.

The increased energy causes a net increase in movement from high pressure to low pressure.

40
Q

What is meant by permeability co-efficient ?

A

The rate of movement of a solute calculated in cm/s

41
Q

What is the rate of diffusion affected by ?

A

Permeability coefficient

42
Q

What is meant by tonicity ?

A

Mechanical effects on a cell in terms of shrinkage or swelling caused by placing cell in solution of impermeant osmotically active particles

43
Q

Isotonic

A

The water concentration in the ICF and ECF are equal, solutes can’t leave or enter, so the cell volume stays the same.

44
Q

Hypotonic

A

CELL SWELLS
Cell in solution with high water concentration and lower concentration of impermeant particles.

Water diffuses in
Cell swells (bursts)

45
Q

Hypertonic

A

CELL SHRINKS
Cell in solution with low water concentration, high concentration of impermeant particles.

Water diffuses out
Cell shrinks

Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 - Part 2 (37 decks)

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