Common Sense Model of Illness Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by self-regulation ?

A

‘Problem-solving’
Identification of the goal
Selecting strategy and implement
Did the strategy achieve goal OR not

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2
Q

Sources of health-related goals and messages (CSM)

A

Messages from our body
Messages from outside

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3
Q

List some messages from our body

A

Mood/emotions
Physical sensations, symptoms

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4
Q

List some messages from outside our body

A

Diagnosis
Illness running in the family
Test results

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5
Q

Goal of the CSM

A

To maintain or return to our normal/healthy state

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6
Q

Steps involved in the concept of self-regulation

A

Interpretation -Try to make sense of ‘messages’
Coping - Select methods to cope with threat
Appraisal - Evaluation of effectiveness

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7
Q

Assumptions of the common sense model

A

Patient as a common-sense scientist/physician.

Patients regulate their experiences, symptoms and changes over time.

Self-regulation as problem solving.

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8
Q

What does the CSM framework serve to do ?

A

Understand :

  • People’s perceptions of health and illness
  • People’s reactions to health threats, and how they think about their illness representation.
  • How people cope with illness
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9
Q

What do health threats generate ?

A

A representation of illness risk —> danger control –> appraisal

Emotional reactions (e.g. fear, worry) –> fear control –> appraisal

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10
Q

Parts of the CSM

A

Cognitive
Emotional

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11
Q

Components of Illness representations (IMPOTRANT)

A

Identity
Perceived cause
Timeline
Consequences
Curability / controllability

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12
Q

What is meant by illness representations ?

A

Patient’s common sense beliefs about their illness

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13
Q

Identity

A

Symptoms experienced by the person as well as the person’s label for the disease.

Symptoms can be abstract (the diagnosis) and perceptual (the symptoms).

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14
Q

Cause

A

Perceived cause of illness,
e.g. biological (virus etc), or psychosocial

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15
Q

Timeline

A

Patient’s belief about how long the illness will last, whether it’s acute, chronic or cyclical.

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16
Q

Consequences

A

Patient’s perceptions of the possible effects of the illness on their life.

e.g. physical, emotional, financial, social

17
Q

Cure/Controllability

A

Patient’s beliefs about whether illness can be cured and the extent to which the outcome of their illness is controllable (by themselves or by powerful others)

18
Q

Uses of the CSM

A

Patient’s illness representation/mental model has been shown to predict health behaviours such as medication adherence.

19
Q

What has the common sense model been used and supported by research on ?

A

Hypertension
Asthma
Myocardial infarction
Diabetes
Huntingtons disease
CFS

20
Q

Hypertension

A

A silent, asymptomatic condition (challenge identity)

Requires long-term adoption of a variety of prescribed behaviours (e.g. medication taking, weight loss, diet change)

Not adhering to medical regimens is very common, so hypertension is poorly controlled.

21
Q

Statistics relating to hypertension

A

Only 12.5% of the people with hypertension are adequately controlled.

1/2 the people with hypertension don’t know it
1/2 of those who are diagnosed are not in treatment

22
Q

CSM founders

A

Leventhal sand colleagues

23
Q

3 types of timeline

A

Acute
Chronic
Cyclic

24
Q

Acute

A

The disease will be cured

25
Chronic
The disease will stay for a lifetime
26
Cyclic
The disease will come and go
27
Asthma CSM
Patients beliefs may be : Presence of symptoms ---> Take medication Absence of symptoms ---> No medication
28
What was the asthma CSM used to test ?
No symptoms, no asthma: self-regulation, knowledge, beliefs and behaviours amongst inner city adults.
29
What was the myocardial infarction CSM used to test ?
Role of the patient's view of their illness in predicting return to work and functioning after myocardial infarction.
30
Chronic timeline
Slower return to work and social duties
31
Importance of evaluating a patient's illness perceptions
Assessment of illness perceptions may have a valuable role in identifying which patients ate likely to benefit from rehabilitation programmes.
32
What was the brief in-hospital intervention ?
Expanding patient's casual models of MI beyond just stress Beliefs about consequences were discussed Symptoms and medications were discussed
33
Early intervention of MI results
Returning to work sooner Fewer symptoms of angina