Introduction To Health Promotion Flashcards
Health promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.
Health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to well-being.
State the approaches to Health promotion and levels of intervention.
Medical / preventive approach
Behaviour Change approach
Educational approach
Empowerment approach
Social change approach
Medical / preventive approach
Reduce morbidity or mortality.
To identify those at risk.
Examples of medical approach
Immunisation
Screening
Surgery
Medication
Behaviour Change approach
Encourage individuals to take responsibility for health and lifestyle.
Examples of behavioural change approach
Campaigns to persuade people to make healthier choices.
Educational approach
Increase knowledge and skills about healthy lifestyles.
So that people can make an informed choice about their health behaviour.
Examples of educational approach
Provision of leaflets / booklets.
Empowerment approach
Work with clients and communities to meet perceived needs.
Examples of empowerment approach
Participatory learning
Group work;
Client centred counselling;
Assertiveness training;
Social skills training; Educational drama
Social change approach
Address inequalities i.e. Race, gender, geography
Examples of social change approach
Changes to policy & legislation; healthy working lives; healthy cities.
Medical approach structure
Aim
Assumptions
Examples
Criticisms
Behaviour change models
Health belief model :
Knowledge – Attitudes – Beliefs
Risk Context – Risk perception – Risk behaviour
Transtheoretical Model (aka stages of change model)- Prochaska and DiClemente 1983
Stages of change model
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Determination
Action [ then could relapse or move onto next]
Maintenance
Top down approach to health promotion
Top-down (authoritative): priorities set by those with power / resources to make decisions and impose ideas of what should be done.
Bottom up approach to health promotion
Bottom-up (negotiated): priorities set by the people themselves, identifying issues they perceive as relevant.
Describe the role of empowerment in bottom-up health promotion.
Bottom-up : Decision-making originates from individuals at lower levels and gradually rises to influence the entire
company.
Examples of social change strategies
Health in all policies
Social Marketing
Distinguish between the risk behaviour and risk context approaches to health promotion.
Risk behaviour - e.g. smoking
Risk context approaches to health promotion :
- the way that these people view risk behaviour.
