Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Proximity of this synapse to trigger zone is important in determining its effectiveness.
Axodendritic Synapses
Synaptic current generated at this site has a stronger signal & greater influence on outcome at trigger zone vs axodendritic contacts.
Axosomatic Synapses
Most of these synapses have no direct effect on trigger zone of postsynaptic cell. Affect activity by controlling transmitter release.
Axoaxonic Synapses
What NT is in control of pain?
Opioid Peptides
What NT is in control of mood, arousal, modulation of pain, and gut regulation?
Serotonin
What NT is important for the transmission of pain?
Substance P
What are blockers of nicotinic receptors?
- Curare
- Rabies virus
- α bungarotoxin
What are blockers of muscarinic receptors?
Atropine
A dysfunction in epinephrine (decreased levels) leads to what?
Depression
A dysfunction in norepinephrine (increased/decreased) leads to what?
- Increased: Schizophrenia
- Decreased: Depression
A dysfunction in dopamine levels (increased/decreased) leads to what?
- Increased: Schizophrenia
- Decreased: Depression and Parkinson’s Disease (fine tremors and gait problems when low in substantia nigra)
A dysfunction is serotonin levels leads to what?
- Bipolar disorder
- OCD
- Depression
What is an antagonist to NMDA receptors?
Phencyclidine (PCP or “Angel Dust”)
What are the common names of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)?
- Prozac
- Paxil
- Zoloft
- Lexapro
What are the 5 glutamate receptors?
- NMDA
- AMPA
- Kainate
- Quisqualate A
- Quisqualate B
What ions are moved through an NMDA receptor?
K+, Na+, and Ca2+
4/5 of the glutamate receptors have direct gated channels. How is quisqualate-B different?
It is an indirect channel, that increases a second messenger system (DAG and IP3).
What drugs facilitate the action of GABA at GABAa?
- Benzodiazepines (Valium)
- Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)
- Alcohol
What is an agonist for GABAa?
Muscimol
What is an agonist for GABAb?
Baclofen
What is an antagonist for GABAa?
Picotoxin
What is an antagonist for GABAb?
Bicuculline
What are some opioid neuropeptides?
- Met enkephalin
- Leu enkephalin
- Dynorphin
- Beta Endorphin
What are some gastrointestinal peptides?
- CCK* octapeptide
- Substance P
- Vasoactive intestinal peptides
What are some hypothalamic and pituitary peptides?
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone
- Somatostatin
- LH
- Oxytocin*
What are the acetylcholine receptors?
- N
- M1-5
M2 (cardiac) and M4 (glandular)
What are the dopamine receptors?
- D1
- D2
What are the norepinephrine receptors?
- Alpha 1 &2
- Beta 1 to 3
What are 5HT receptors?
- 5HT1A-1D
- 5HT 2 to 4
What are the adenosine receptors?
- A1
- A2
What are the glutamate and aspartate receptors?
- NMDA
- AMPA
- Quisqualate
- Kainate
What are the GABA receptors?
- GABAa
- GABAb
