Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Proximity of this synapse to trigger zone is important in determining its effectiveness.

Answer 1

Axodendritic Synapses

Question 2

Synaptic current generated at this site has a stronger signal & greater influence on outcome at trigger zone vs axodendritic contacts.

Answer 2

Axosomatic Synapses

Question 3

Most of these synapses have no direct effect on trigger zone of postsynaptic cell. Affect activity by controlling transmitter release.

Answer 3

Axoaxonic Synapses

Question 4

What NT is in control of pain?

Answer 4

Opioid Peptides

Question 5

What NT is in control of mood, arousal, modulation of pain, and gut regulation?

Answer 5

Serotonin

Question 6

What NT is important for the transmission of pain?

Answer 6

Substance P

Question 7

What are blockers of nicotinic receptors?

Answer 7

• Curare
• Rabies virus
• α bungarotoxin

Question 8

What are blockers of muscarinic receptors?

Answer 8

Atropine

Question 9

A dysfunction in epinephrine (decreased levels) leads to what?

Answer 9

Depression

Question 10

A dysfunction in norepinephrine (increased/decreased) leads to what?

Answer 10

• Increased: Schizophrenia

- Decreased: Depression

Question 11

A dysfunction in dopamine levels (increased/decreased) leads to what?

Answer 11

• Increased: Schizophrenia

- Decreased: Depression and Parkinson’s Disease (fine tremors and gait problems when low in substantia nigra)

Question 12

A dysfunction is serotonin levels leads to what?

Answer 12

• Bipolar disorder
• OCD
• Depression

Question 13

What is an antagonist to NMDA receptors?

Answer 13

Phencyclidine (PCP or “Angel Dust”)

Question 14

What are the common names of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)?

Answer 14

• Prozac
• Paxil
• Zoloft
• Lexapro

Question 15

What are the 5 glutamate receptors?

Answer 15

• NMDA
• AMPA
• Kainate
• Quisqualate A
• Quisqualate B

Question 16

What ions are moved through an NMDA receptor?

Answer 16

K+, Na+, and Ca2+

Question 17

4/5 of the glutamate receptors have direct gated channels. How is quisqualate-B different?

Answer 17

It is an indirect channel, that increases a second messenger system (DAG and IP3).

Question 18

What drugs facilitate the action of GABA at GABAa?

Answer 18

• Benzodiazepines (Valium)
• Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)
• Alcohol

Question 19

What is an agonist for GABAa?

Answer 19

Muscimol

Question 20

What is an agonist for GABAb?

Answer 20

Baclofen

Question 21

What is an antagonist for GABAa?

Answer 21

Picotoxin

Question 22

What is an antagonist for GABAb?

Answer 22

Bicuculline

Question 23

What are some opioid neuropeptides?

Answer 23

• Met enkephalin
• Leu enkephalin
• Dynorphin
• Beta Endorphin

Question 24

What are some gastrointestinal peptides?

Answer 24

• CCK* octapeptide
• Substance P
• Vasoactive intestinal peptides

Question 25

What are some hypothalamic and pituitary peptides?

Answer 25

- Thyrotropin releasing hormone - Somatostatin - LH - Oxytocin*

Question 26

What are the acetylcholine receptors?

Answer 26

- N - M1-5 *M2 (cardiac) and M4 (glandular)*

Question 27

What are the dopamine receptors?

Answer 27

- D1 | - D2

Question 28

What are the norepinephrine receptors?

Answer 28

- Alpha 1 &2 | - Beta 1 to 3

Question 29

What are 5HT receptors?

Answer 29

- 5HT1A-1D | - 5HT 2 to 4

Question 30

What are the adenosine receptors?

Answer 30

- A1 | - A2

Question 31

What are the glutamate and aspartate receptors?

Answer 31

- NMDA - AMPA - Quisqualate - Kainate

Question 32

What are the GABA receptors?

Answer 32

- GABAa | - GABAb