Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Proximity of this synapse to trigger zone is important in determining its effectiveness.

A

Axodendritic Synapses

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2
Q

Synaptic current generated at this site has a stronger signal & greater influence on outcome at trigger zone vs axodendritic contacts.

A

Axosomatic Synapses

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3
Q

Most of these synapses have no direct effect on trigger zone of postsynaptic cell. Affect activity by controlling transmitter release.

A

Axoaxonic Synapses

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4
Q

What NT is in control of pain?

A

Opioid Peptides

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5
Q

What NT is in control of mood, arousal, modulation of pain, and gut regulation?

A

Serotonin

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6
Q

What NT is important for the transmission of pain?

A

Substance P

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7
Q

What are blockers of nicotinic receptors?

A
  • Curare
  • Rabies virus
  • α bungarotoxin
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8
Q

What are blockers of muscarinic receptors?

A

Atropine

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9
Q

A dysfunction in epinephrine (decreased levels) leads to what?

A

Depression

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10
Q

A dysfunction in norepinephrine (increased/decreased) leads to what?

A
  • Increased: Schizophrenia

- Decreased: Depression

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11
Q

A dysfunction in dopamine levels (increased/decreased) leads to what?

A
  • Increased: Schizophrenia

- Decreased: Depression and Parkinson’s Disease (fine tremors and gait problems when low in substantia nigra)

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12
Q

A dysfunction is serotonin levels leads to what?

A
  • Bipolar disorder
  • OCD
  • Depression
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13
Q

What is an antagonist to NMDA receptors?

A

Phencyclidine (PCP or “Angel Dust”)

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14
Q

What are the common names of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)?

A
  • Prozac
  • Paxil
  • Zoloft
  • Lexapro
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15
Q

What are the 5 glutamate receptors?

A
  • NMDA
  • AMPA
  • Kainate
  • Quisqualate A
  • Quisqualate B
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16
Q

What ions are moved through an NMDA receptor?

A

K+, Na+, and Ca2+

17
Q

4/5 of the glutamate receptors have direct gated channels. How is quisqualate-B different?

A

It is an indirect channel, that increases a second messenger system (DAG and IP3).

18
Q

What drugs facilitate the action of GABA at GABAa?

A
  • Benzodiazepines (Valium)
  • Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)
  • Alcohol
19
Q

What is an agonist for GABAa?

A

Muscimol

20
Q

What is an agonist for GABAb?

A

Baclofen

21
Q

What is an antagonist for GABAa?

A

Picotoxin

22
Q

What is an antagonist for GABAb?

A

Bicuculline

23
Q

What are some opioid neuropeptides?

A
  • Met enkephalin
  • Leu enkephalin
  • Dynorphin
  • Beta Endorphin
24
Q

What are some gastrointestinal peptides?

A
  • CCK* octapeptide
  • Substance P
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptides
25
Q

What are some hypothalamic and pituitary peptides?

A
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone
  • Somatostatin
  • LH
  • Oxytocin*
26
Q

What are the acetylcholine receptors?

A
  • N
  • M1-5

M2 (cardiac) and M4 (glandular)

27
Q

What are the dopamine receptors?

A
  • D1

- D2

28
Q

What are the norepinephrine receptors?

A
  • Alpha 1 &2

- Beta 1 to 3

29
Q

What are 5HT receptors?

A
  • 5HT1A-1D

- 5HT 2 to 4

30
Q

What are the adenosine receptors?

A
  • A1

- A2

31
Q

What are the glutamate and aspartate receptors?

A
  • NMDA
  • AMPA
  • Quisqualate
  • Kainate
32
Q

What are the GABA receptors?

A
  • GABAa

- GABAb