Cell Injury Flashcards
Characterized by nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia.
Pyknosis
Characterized by the pyknotic nucleus undergoing fragmentation.
Karyorrhexis
Characterized by fading of the chromatin.
Karyolysis
The formation of a hydroxyl molecule due to the interaction with transition metals.
Fenton Reaction
The formation of a hydroxyl molecule due to the interaction of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide.
Harber - Weiss Reaction
Basic form of necrosis resulting from ischemia; predominately autolytic.
Coagulative Necrosis
Basic form of necrosis generally the result of heterolytic digestion (lysins/enzymes); an autolytic form is seen with ischemic injury to the central nervous system.
Liquefactive Necrosis
A combined form of necrosis (coagulative + liquefactive) associated with mycobacterial infections but may be seen with fungal diseases, tularemia and lymphogranuloma venereum.
Caseous Necrosis
In destructive pancreatic diseases, pancreatic lipases and other enzymes may be liberated into the surrounding adipose tissue where they hydrolyze the extracellular fat, in addition to other tissues (leads to soap formation).
Fat Necrosis
This necrosis has no enzymatic degradation of fat, but only release of fat from cells into the tissue due to rupture or damage of cell membranes.
Traumatic Fat Necrosis
Where is traumatic fat necrosis most commonly found?
In the breast but also in subcutaneous areas.
This necrosis is not a distinctive form of cell death. Generally applied to necrosis involving the distal portion of a limb.
Gangrenous Necrosis
What are the two forms of gangrenous necrosis?
- Dry gangrene
- Wet gangrene
Predominately coagulative necrosis of a portion of an extremity. The tissue dries out, becomes greenish-yellow, and finally dark brown to black (mummification).
Dry Gangrene
Occurs when the gangrenous area becomes infected, inducing a significant amount of liquefactive necrosis.
Wet Gangrene
A special tissue reaction in which the connective tissue stains highly eosinophilic like fibrin.
Fibrinoid Necrosis
What type of necrosis is seen with certain immunologic reactions and arterioles in association with malignant (high grade) hypertension.
Fibrinoid Necrosis