Neoplasia (Day 3) Flashcards
What does BCL-2 and BCL-XL normally do for the body?
Inhibits apoptosis
What does p53 normally do for the body?
Initiate apoptosis
What does BAX and BAK normally do for the body?
Initiates apoptosis
If there is a defect in BLC-2 what type of cancer evolves?
Follicular Lymphoma (t14;18)
What is the second most frequently mutated gene in human cancer after p53?
PTEN
When there is a defect in DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), what type of cancer develops?
HNPCC (Lynch Syndrome) - Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
MSH2 MOST IMPORTANT
Failure of nucleotide excision repair (which will not repair UV light damage to DNA) leads to what type of disease?
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
What is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer? What else is mutated in 70% of these cancers?
- HNPCC
- TGFBR2
This disease has a mutation in ATM, which leads to defective dsDNA repair by homologous recombination.
Ataxia Telangiectasia (Lymphoma)
What is the #1 cancer for men and the #1 cancer for women?
- Prostate cancer
- Breast cancer
What is the #1 cancer for BOTH men and women?
Lung Cancer
What is the difference between a fast vs slow spreading leukemia?
Acute Leukemia (Fast) : Young Patients Chronic Leukemia (Slow): Older Patients
Hodgkin Lymphoma is usually seen in what type of demographic?
Teens or young male adults
Any cancer with “blast” within the disease means what?
Primitive Precursors were present.
Being exposed to Benzo [a] pyrene (p450 CYP1A1) leads to what?
Lung Cancer (in smokers)
Being exposed to Chloroform (CCl3H) or Carbon Tetrachloride leads to what?
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Being exposed to the benzene in paint leads to what?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Being exposed to B-Naphthylamine can lead to what?
Transitional Cell Bladder Cancer
Being exposed to polycyclic hydrocarbons can lead to what?
Lung and Bladder Cancer
Being exposed to Arsenic can cause what?
- Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation OR
- Lung, Bladder, and Skin (palm/sole) Cancer
Being exposed to vinyl chloride, arsenic and Thorotrast (VAT) can lead to what?
Angiosarcoma of Liver
What type of cancers are most at risk when someone is exposed to ionizing radiation?
Bone Marrow or Hematopoietic System (since they are always dividing)
What type of cancer are uranium miners most at risk to?
Lung Cancer
What type of cancer are atom bomb survivors most at risk to?
Leukemias
