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neurology > Neurosurgical emergencies > Flashcards

Neurosurgical emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is GCS and what does it measure?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale
level of consciousness

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2
Q

Below what GCS is a patient in a coma?

A

8

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3
Q

What nerve controls the pupil response to light?

A

oculomotor nerve

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4
Q

Mnemonic for remembering what to look for on head CTs?

A

Blood Can Be Very Bad

Blood
Cisterns
Brain
Ventricles
Bone

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5
Q

What is the delivery of oxygen and glucose to neurons dependent on?

A

cerebral blood flow

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6
Q

What is cerebral blood flow dependent on?

A

cerebral perfusion pressure

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7
Q

Equation for cerebral perfusion pressure

A

CPP = MAP-ICP

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8
Q

What process maintains a normal intracranial pressure in healthy individuals?

A

autoregulation

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9
Q

What is the surgical treatment for subdural haematomas that develop a few days or weeks after a minor head injury?

A

Burr holes

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10
Q

Basal ganglia blood supply

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of a SAH?

A

ruptured Berry aneurysm

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12
Q

What scale is used to grade SAH and vasospasm risk

A

Fisher scale

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13
Q

What investigations do patients with a SAH need to look for a cause?

A

CT angiogram - look for aneurysms
If CT angiogram detects no aneurysms, a catheter angiogram is needed

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14
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

excess brain fluid
raised ICP

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of hydrocephalus?

A

communicating
obstructive

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16
Q

What is communicating hydrocephalus?

A

all 4 ventricles are enlarged
lumbar puncture can be carried out

17
Q

What is obstructive hydrocephalus?

A

Dilatation of lateral and 3rd ventricles with small, compressed, or normal size 4th ventricle
do not do lumbar puncture

18
Q

Causes of communicating hydrocephalus

A

intraventricular haemorrhage of prematurity
adult intraventricular haemorrhage
aneurysmal SAH
meningitis

19
Q

Causes of obstructive hydrocephalus

A

posterior fossa mass lesions (tumour, haemorrhage, cyst)
intraventricular mass lesions (tumour, haemorrhage, cyst)
aqueductal stenosis

neurology (30 decks)

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