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CS III/1 > Neuroscience Review > Flashcards

Neuroscience Review Flashcards

1
Q

Lower Motor Neuron

A

Alpha motor neuron
Located in AH of spinal cord or cranial nerve nuclei
Innervate skeletal muscle fibers

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2
Q

LMN Lesion

A 
Flaccid Paralysis
Hyporeflexia
Denervation Atrophy
Sensory Loss
Fasciculations 
Fibrillations
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3
Q

LMN of face

A

Hemiplegia of ipsilateral face

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4
Q

Upper Motor Neuron

A

Motor neurons originating in cerebral cortex/brainstem

Carry information to LMN

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5
Q

UMN Lesion

A 
Immediate - hypotonia/flaccid weakness (spinal shock)
Later - Spastic paralysis ** 
Hypertonia
Hyperreflexia (Clonus)
Abnormal reflexes ** 
Muscles affected in large groups
NO signs of muscle denervation
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6
Q

UMN of face

A

Hemiplegia of contralateral lower face

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7
Q

Lesion to Dorsal Column

A

Decussates in dorsal column nuclei

Loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory sense, proprioception IPSILATERAL

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8
Q

Lesion to Somatosensory cortex, Thalamus, ML

A

CONTRALATERAL loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory sense, proprioception, stereogenesis, graphesthesia

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9
Q

Lesion to Anterolateral system

A

Decussate in spinal cord
Midline - bilateral loss of pain/temp
One side - contralateral loss of pain/temp

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10
Q

Lesion Lateral to Corticospinal tract

A

Muscle weakness/hypotonia (negative SX) CONTRALATERAL

Loss of fine control of digits

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11
Q

Lesion of Large area of Motor Cortex, Internal Cortex, Descending tract

A

UMN Lesion SX Contralateral to lesion
Loss of fine tactile, temp/pain
Spasticity if multiple cortical areas damaged

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12
Q

Lesion of Descending tract of spinal cord

A

UMN SX ipsilateral below lesion

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13
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Stocking/glove pattern of sensory loss

Loss of fine tactile etc. pain/temp in hands/feet

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14
Q

Paraplegia

A

transection of spinal cord between cervical/lumbar

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15
Q

Quadriplegia

A

transection of spinal cord high cervical

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16
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

Hemisection of spinal cord
Loss of dorsal column ipsilateral
Loss of anterolateral contralateral

17
Q

Parietal Neglect Syndrome

A

Lesion to non-dominant hemisphere

18
Q

Ischemic stroke involving Anterior cerebral a.

A

Contralateral loss of lower limb

19
Q

Ischemic stroke involving Middle cerebral a.

A

Contralateral loss of upper limb

20
Q

Large fibers

A

fast, myelinated
fine tactile, 2pt, vibratory, proprioception
can attenuate pain
Group I - afferent spindle and Golgi tendon afferent
Group II - encapsulated endings
Affected first in nerve pressure palsy and peripheral neuropathy

21
Q

Group III (Ad)

A

Small, lightly myelinated

Sharp/fast pain

22
Q

Group IV (C)

A

Smallest, slowest, unmyelinated

Burning/slow pain

23
Q

Enkephalin interneurons

A

Excited by Raphe Nucleus of brainstem

Release enkephalin that binds to mu receptors of C/D axons carrying pain signals = inhibition

24
Q

ALS

A

Motor disease
Display both UMN/LMN symptoms - spasticity and fasciculations
Weakness in upper/lower limbs, bulbar muscles

25
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Degeneration of DA neurons from substantia nigra to striatum

SX: rhythmic tremor at rest, hypertonicity, bradykinesia, postural reflex impairment, frozen gait

26
Q

Huntington’s

A

Selective loss of GABA/enkephalin projection from striatum to GPe
Followed by widespread degeneration of striatal neurons and cortical neurons
SX: chorea, dementia, slow movements

27
Q

Sydenham Chorea

A

rapid, involuntary, purposeless movement of face, feet, hands
Primarily in children - complication of GAS hemolytic infx, RF, polyarthritis
AI: antigens of strep similar to basal ganglia

28
Q

Lesion to vestibulocerebellum

A

disturbance in equilibrium/eye control

Ataxia, nystagmus, smooth pursuit eye defects

29
Q

Lesion to Spinocerebellum

A

ipsilateral hypotonia, dysmetria, pendular reflex

30
Q

Lesion to cerebrocerebellum

A

disturbances initiating/terminating movements, multi-joint problems, time

CS III/1 (14 decks)

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