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CS III/1 > Basic Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Basic Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve Functions

A 
Some
Say 
Marry
Money
But 
My 
Brother
Says 
Big 
Brains 
Matter
More
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2
Q

Cranial Nerves with Parasympathetic function

A

Optic - pupillary constriction
Facial - tears/saliva
Glossopharyngeal - saliva, carotid reflex
Vagus - secretion of digestive enzymes, carotid reflex, involuntary action of heart, lungs, digestive tract

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3
Q

CN I: Olfactory

A

Anosmia - loss of smell
Test - whatever is on hand
“CN I grossly intact; detect smell”

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4
Q

Aniscoria

A

Pupil asymmetry - present in up to 20% of population

Consistent in varying light = normal

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5
Q

Miosis

A

pupil constriction

Parasympathetic stimulation, light, looking at near object

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6
Q

Mydriasis

A

Pupil dilation

Sympathetic stimulation, dark, looking at far object

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7
Q

Pupillary reaction

A

Direct - light on retina (afferent CN II) = constriction of ipsilateral pupil (efferent CN III)
Indirect - light on retina (afferent CN II) = constriction of contralateral pupil (efferent CN III)

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8
Q

Pupillary reaction to accommodation

A

Pupils constrict when focused on near object

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9
Q

Relative afferent pupillary defect

A

Marcus Gunn pupil
due to optic nerve or severe retinal disease
Direct response absent, indirect response intact (CN III)
DDx - optic neuritis, severe glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal infection

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10
Q

Intact to accommodation by not light

A

Argyll Robertson - Prostitute Pupil
Hallmark of neurosyphilis
Pupils typically small at baseline, nonresponsive to light, constrict for accommodation

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11
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Oculosympathetic paresis
Ptosis - droopy eyelid
Miosis - pupil constricted
Anhydrosis - no sweat on that side of face
DDx - carotid a. dissection, pancoast tumor, nasopharyngeal tumor, brachial plexus injury

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12
Q

CN IV palsy

A

Inability to bring eye in and down
Leads to vertical diplopia with reading/near vision
Tilt head AWAY from affected eye

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13
Q

Saccades

A

Normal jumping movements of eye with voluntary scanning

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14
Q

Nystagmus

A

Slow drift away from focus with FAST* beat correction back to focus
Cerebellar - lateral; fast phase toward lesion side
Vertical - lesion of midbrain

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15
Q

Hypersensitivity to sound

A

CN VII innervates stapedius

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16
Q

UMN lesion to face

A

facial drooping sparing forehead

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17
Q

LMN Lesion to face

A

facial drooping including forehead

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18
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Inefficient conduction from outer ear to ear drum to ossicles

19
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Damage to inner ear apparatus or CN VIII

20
Q

Rinne test

A

vibrating handle against mastoid until sound fades; move to meatus
Positive: louder sound on air conduction

21
Q

Weber test

A

vibrating handle against midline of skull
Positive: sound equal on both ears
Louder - one ear lateralizing

22
Q

C2

A

back of head

23
Q

C6

A

thumb

24
Q

C7

A

index/middle finger

25
Q

C8

A

ring/little finger

26
Q

T1

A

anterior axilla

27
Q

T4

A

nipple

28
Q

T10

A

umbilicus

29
Q

L3

A

medial knee

30
Q

L4

A

medial malleolus

31
Q

L5

A

Dorsum 3rd MTP joint

32
Q

S1

A

Lateral Heel

33
Q

S2

A

Popliteal fossa

34
Q

S3

A

Ischial tuberosity

35
Q

S4

A

Perianal area

36
Q

Stereognosis

A

Identification of objects by touch

Inability - tactile agnosia (parietal lobe)

37
Q

Graphesthesia

A

write letter on palm

38
Q

Two Point Discrimination

A 
Tongue 1 mm
Lips 2-3 mm
Fingers 2-4 mm
Dorsum of fingers 4-6 mm
Palm 8-12 mm 
Back of hand - 20-30 mm
Dorsum of foot - 30-40 mm
39
Q

Deep Tendon Reflexes

A 
Biceps C5/C6
Brachioradial C5/C6
Triceps C6/C7*/C8
Patellar L2/L3/L4
Achilles S1*/S2
40
Q

DTR Scoring

A 
0 - no response
1 - sluggish
2 - active/expected
3 - brisker
4 - hyperactive, clonus
41
Q

Motor assessment

A 
0 - no movement
1 - trace movement
2 - full ROM w/out gravity
3 - full ROM against gravity
4 - full ROM against gravity with resistance
5 - Normal
42
Q

Upper extremity weakness

A

damage in C-spine or higher

43
Q

Lower extremity weakness

A

damage to L-spine/sacrum or higher

CS III/1 (14 decks)

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