Gait

Question 1

Gait Dependent on

Answer 1

Sensory nerve
Spinal synapse
Motor nerve fiber
NMJ
Muscle

Question 2

Corticospinal/pyramidal

Answer 2

regulate fine, discrete voluntary movement

Question 3

Extrapyramidal

Answer 3

maintain muscle tone and gross automatic movement

Posture

Question 4

Cerebellar

Answer 4

coordinated muscular activity, equilibrium maintenance, posture

Question 5

UMN Lesion

Answer 5

Hyperreflexia

Spastic weakness of arm extensors and leg flexors

Question 6

LMN lesion

Answer 6

Hyporeflexia
Atrophy
Flaccid weakness
Fasciculations

Question 7

Spastic gait

Answer 7

Hemiparetic/hemiplegic
Stroke gait
Unilateral UMNL - contralateral
Spasticity increased muscle tone - velocity dependent

Question 8

Spastic gait gait characteristics

Answer 8

Leg extended/internally rotated
Leg swings laterally and forward to clear ground - circumduction
Contralateral hip may tilt down to prevent toes dragging
Ipsilateral arm flexed, adducted

Question 9

Scissors gait

Answer 9

Paraparetic/spastic diplegic
CP gait
Bilateral UMNL

Question 10

Diplegic gait characteristics

Answer 10

Both legs extended/circumducted
Thighs tightly adducted
Slightly flexed at hips/knees
Arms flexed
"running in knee-deep water"

Question 11

Cerebellar ataxic gait

Answer 11

Drunk gait

Bilateral cerebellar lesion

Question 12

Cerebellar ataxic gait characteristic

Answer 12

Broad-based
Speed/stride irregular
Posture erect, feet separated
No positive Romberg

Question 13

Sensory ataxic gait

Answer 13

Problems with proprioception or peripheral nerve
Positive Romberg - showers
Seen in DM

Question 14

Vestibular gait

Answer 14

Inner ear pathology
Falls toward affected side
Asymmetric nystagmus
Normal proprioception/muscle strength

Question 15

Steppage gait

Answer 15

Dropfoot/neuropathic gait
Unilateral - L5 radiculopathy, sciatica, peroneal neuropathy
Bilateral - distal polyneuropathy (DM)

Question 16

Steppage gait characteristics

Answer 16

Weak dorsiflexion
Leg lifted higher
DM attacks long nerves - anterior leg nerves are longest

Question 17

Waddling gait

Answer 17

Trendelenberg or myopathic gait

Proximal LL weakness due to myopathy, NMJ disease, DJD

Question 18

Parkinsonian gait

Answer 18

Extrapyramidal disease
Lesion of SN = low DA
Hypokinetic gait

Question 19

Parkinsonian gait characteristics

Answer 19

Forward stoop
head/neck bent forward
hips/knees/elbows flexed
Tendency to fall back
Short, shuffling steps, pedestal turns
Festination - increasing speed

Question 20

Choreoathetotic gait

Answer 20

extrapyramidal
Wildly ataxic/hyperkinetic
basically dancing

Question 21

Antalgic gait

Answer 21

favoring less painful leg

limited knee flexion, less porminent heel strike, smaller steps

Question 22

Equinus gait

Answer 22

pronounced toe walking

First sign of mild diagnosed CP