Neuroscience Midterm

Question 1

• decreased sensation in a stocking and glove pattern
• motor paralysis distal to proximal
• facial cranial nerves reduce chewing swallowing speaking and facial expressions
• pain and hypersensitivity to touch

Answer 1

Guillian Barre Syndrome
PNS
Assessment: Spinal Tap, Electromyography

Question 2

• weakness and lack of coordination
• impaired vision and double vision
• impaired sensation
• slurred speech

Answer 2

Multiple Sclerosis
CNS
Assessment: Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Spectroscopy

Question 3

• Dizziness
• Pallor in the face
• Excessive sweating above the lesion level
• Blurred vision
• Possible fainting

Answer 3

Orthostatic Hypotension
PNS
Assessment: Diagnosed by BP
BP while lying down , BP immediately after standing, and then 3 minutes later

Question 4

-Abnormal sensations in the back and thumb side of the hand, or in the thumb, 2nd, and 3rd fingers
- Weakness, loss of coordination of the fingers
- Problem straightening the arm at the elbow
- Problem bending the hand back at the wrist, or holding the hand
- Pain, numbness, decreased sensation, tingling, or burning sensation in the areas controlled by the nerve

Answer 4

Radial Nerve Compression
PNS
Assessment: - Electromyography, MRI, light test vs sharp

Question 5

• Spastic lower extremity muscles

Answer 5

Dorsal Rhizotomy
CNS
Assessment: MRI, X-ray

Question 6

• Uncoordinated movements not due to weakness

Answer 6

Ataxia
CNS
Assessment: -The Romberg test is used to distinguish between cerebellar ataxia and sensory ataxia, MRI

Question 7

-Erb’s palsy
-Waiter’s tip synergy
-Weakness in hand, shoulder, and arm
- Shoulder elevation when trying to flex shoulder
-Numbness lack of sensation in arm, shoulder, hand

Answer 7

Brachial Plexus Injury
PNS
Assessment: X-ray, Electromyography, MRI, CT

Question 8

• Tumors
• Meningitis
• Hemorrhage and inflammation
• Unknown causes
• Enlarged ventricles and rapid atrophy of neural tissue
• Increased intracranial pressure
• Headache and vomiting
• Cognitive deterioration
• Life threatening unless treatment occurs quickly

Answer 8

Hydrocephalus
CNS
Assessment: Spinal tap

Question 9

-pressure on the trigeminal nerve
-pain in the areas of the face innervated by the trigeminal nerve
-shooting or stabbing pain of short duration
-triggered by a mild sensation such as a breeze

Answer 9

Trigeminal Neuralgia
PNS
Assessment: Cranial nerve test

Question 10

-paralysis of the facial nerve and rash of the ear and face
-after an infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV)

Answer 10

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome
PNS
Assessment: Blood tests for varicella-zoster virus, Patient history, Physical exam