Neuropsychology

Question 1

FRANZ GALL

Answer 1

PHRENOLOGY

• • behavior, intellect, and personality linked to brain anatomy
• • well developed traits would expend in the corresponding brain regions

Question 2

PIERRE FLUORENZ

Answer 2

EXTIRPATION

– in extirpation, parts of the brain are surgically removed and behavior consequences are observed – ablation

Question 3

WILLIAM JAMES // JOHN DEWEY

Answer 3

FUNCTIONALISM
William James – studied how the mind functioned in adapting to the environment
John Dewey – studied how organisms as a whole functioned to adapt to the environment

Question 4

PAUL BROCA

Answer 4

BROCA’S AREA

• • specific functional impairments could be linked with specific brain lesions
• • a man’s inability to talk was due to a lesion in a specific area on the left side of the brain – Broca’s area

Question 5

HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ

Answer 5

NERVE IMPULSE

– measured speed of nerve impulse, transition into a natural sciences field

Question 6

SIR CHARLES SHERRINGTON

Answer 6

SYNAPSES

– inferred the existence of synapses

Question 7

Human Nervous System

Answer 7

Nervous System – CNS and PNS
– CNS: brain and spinal cord
– PNS:
– Somatic NS: voluntary, sensory and motor
neurons
– Autonomic NS: involuntary
– Sympathetic NS: stress activated (fight/flight)
– Parasympathetic NS: conserves energy

Question 8

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 8

Stress response:

• • adrenaline secretion
• • pupil dilation
• • bronchial relaxation, accelerated heart beat
• • sweating
• • inhibited digestion, inhibited bladder contraction
• • stimulated glucose production

Question 9

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 9

Conserves energy:

• • constricts bronchi
• • slows heart rate
• • stimulates digestion
• • contracts bladder
• • constricts pupils

Question 10

Reflex Arc

Answer 10

interaction between afferent and efferent neurons, leading to a reflexive reaction without waiting for interneuronal processing

Question 11

Behavioral Influences – NEUROTRANSMITTERS – CNS

Answer 11

Dopamine – activates reward circuit
Serotonin – mood, sleep, eating, dreaming
GABA – brain “stabilizer”, inhibitory
Endorphins – painkillers, slower and longer effects,
euphoric
Acetylcholine – influences attention and arousal

Question 12

Behavioral Influences – NEUROTRANSMITTERS – PNS

Answer 12

Epinephrine – adrenaline, fight or flight responses
Norepinephrine – noradrenaline, wakefulness and altert
Acetylcholine – regulates voluntary muscle control

Question 13

Behavioral Influences – HORMONES – HYPOTHALAMUS

Answer 13

• • controls release of anterior pituitary hormones

- - synthesizes hormones of the posterior pituitary

Question 14

Behavioral Influences – HORMONES – PITUITARY GLANDS

Answer 14

PITUITARY STALK – physically connects hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

ANTERIOR PITUITARY – hypothalamus regulates through bloodstream

• • Hypophyseal Portal System: 2 capillary beds connected by Portal Vein
• • FLAT PEG hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PROLACTIN, ENDORPHINES, GH

POSTERIOR PITUITARY – releases ADH and OXYTOCIN directly from hypothalamus

Question 15

Behavioral Influences – HORMONES – ADRENAL MEDULLA

Answer 15

release EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE

Question 16

Behavioral Influences – HORMONES – ADRENAL CORTEX

Answer 16

produce CORTISOL and SEX HORMONES

Question 17

Behavioral Influences – HORMONES – GONADS

Answer 17

produce both ESTROGEN and TESTOSTERONE in ovaries (female) and testes (male)