Language

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

actual sounds of language

Question 2

Pragmatics

Answer 2

language based on context

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

putting words together to form sentences

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

structure of words

Question 5

Semantics

Answer 5

associate meaning and word

Question 6

Language Development

Answer 6

9-12 mos: child exhibits precursor to language – babbling
12-18 mos: child learns one word per month, with inflection
18-20 mos: LANGUAGE EXPLOSION – learning and combining many words to create simple sentences
2-3 yrs: child learns longer sentences (3+ words)
5 yrs: child has rules mastered

Question 7

Nativist Theory

Answer 7

innate capacity for language – innate grammar, children learn application and variation

Question 8

Interactionist Theory

Answer 8

acknowledges both social and biological processes

Question 9

Learning Theory

Answer 9

children learn language through operant conditioning

Question 10

Whorfian Hypothesis

Answer 10

linguistic relativity hypothesis – language affects how we think about the world

Question 11

Brain Regions

Answer 11

Two areas in the LEFT HEMISPHERE responsible for speech production and language comprehension:

BROCA’S AREA: controls speech production
WERNICKE’S AREA: controls language comprehension

Question 12

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 12

expressive aphasia, patients can comprehend speech, but have reduced ability to produce spoken language

Question 13

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 13

receptive aphasia, fluency of speech retained, but comprehension of speech is lost – nonsensical speech

Question 14

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 14

damaged connective bundle of axons, speech production and comprehension intact, but connection is lost – can’t repeat things already said