Cognition

Question 1

Cognitive Development – PIAGET

Answer 1

Infants master their environment – physical and then abstract thinking

Question 2

ADAPTATION (adapting schema)

Answer 2

ASSIMILATION – new information can be placed into existing schemata – baby grasps baby bottle
ACCOMMODATION – modifying existing schemata in order to place new information into a schema – new baseball shape to grasp

Question 3

Information processing model

Answer 3

Theory to describe how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information – thinking, analysis of stimuli, situational modification, obstacle evaluation

Question 4

Schema

Answer 4

Organized patterns of behavior or thought

Question 5

PIAGET STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Answer 5

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: birth to 2

• • child learns to alter their environment to meet physical needs
• • primary and secondary circular reactions
• • Object Permanence: ability to identify that objects exist even when out of view – Representational Thought

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: 2 to 7

• • Symbolic Thinking: play pretend, imagination
• • Egocentrism: only think about self, unable to understand how other people think/feel
• • Centration: focus on one aspect only – inability to understand Conservation – parts are conserved after deformation

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE: 7-11

• • logical thought is used to analyze concrete objects and information
• • haven’t mastered abstract ideas

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE: 11+ years, adolescence

• • abstract thinking, logical reasoning about abstract concepts
• • methodical and logical variable manipulation to solve problems

Question 6

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 6

problem solving skills, peaks in early adulthood

Question 7

Cystalized Intelligence

Answer 7

use of learned skills and knowledge, peaks in middle adulthood

Question 8

Dementia

Answer 8

progressive intellectual decline, impaired memory and judgement, confusion, personality changes

Alzheimer’s Disease – significant deterioration to parts of the brain