Neurophysiology of emotion (Karius)

Question 1

This structure is a key player in the limbic system, in emotional experience, and physiological responses (connection to ANS)

Answer 1

hypothalamus

Question 2

This structure of the limbic system is involved in both input and output

Answer 2

Thalamus

Question 3

This nucleus of the basal ganglia (part of limbic system) is important in producing pleasure

Answer 3

nucleus accumbens (NAc)

Question 4

This part of the limbic system plays a role in learning/memory and part of Papez circuit

Answer 4

Hippocampus

Question 5

This part of the limbic system associated with emotion, particularly FEAR. Plays a role in learning and memory. Also associated with Anger

Answer 5

Amygdala

Question 6

This part of the limbic system is mostly paleocortex. Many of the neurons show after-discharge which is associated with not being able to let go of anger

Answer 6

cingulate cortex

Question 7

Which type of fear is unconditioned? which is conditioned?

Answer 7

Innate=unconditioned –> falling & loud noises most frequently cited

Learned=conditioned

Question 8

Name the pathway for the early response of fear:

Answer 8

Direct Thalamo-amygdaloid

Question 9

Name the pathway for the late response of fear:

Answer 9

Indirect thalamo-cortical-amygdaloid

Question 10

This part of the amygdala integrates the inputs

Answer 10

lateral nucleus

i.e., the pairing of sound and an electrical shock

Question 11

After the lateral nucleus of the amygdala integrates the inputs (neuroanatomical basis of fear), the paired information is sent to __ nuclei for additional processing

Answer 11

basal and intercalated nuclei

Question 12

in the neuroanatomical basis of fear, information from the lateral, basal, and intercalated nuclei are sent to the __ nucleus of the amygdala which decides what responses are required and relays information appropriately

Answer 12

central nucleus

Question 13

what can you expect a person’s response to be with a damaged amygdala with a scary stimulus?

Answer 13

fear is not perceived, conditioning related to fear does not occur

Question 14

which area is strongly activated in response to sadness?

Answer 14

lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex

Question 15

anatomical substrates for punishment/avoidance?

Answer 15

lateral posterior hypothalamus
dorsal midbrain
entorhinal cortex (smell tiger urine and avoid area because you don't want to get eaten by the tiger)

Question 16

neuroanatomical region for Disgust? what disease associated when damaged?

Answer 16

Insular cortex

Huntington’s

Question 17

anger and rage associated with what region? requires what input and receptors?

Answer 17

Amygdala

requires dopamienrgic input acting at D2 receptors

Question 18

Thie __ role in emotion is integration of visceral, attentional, and emotional input. Regulation of Affect-particularly top-down control (Controlling our emotions). It monitors or detects conflict between our “functional” state (right now) and new info that has potential or motivational consequences

Answer 18

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 19

Reward processing, Integration of bodily signals (gut feeling), and top-down regulation is the role of the __

Answer 19

pre-frontal cortex