Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych-Unit 1 > Neurophysiology of Drug Addiction (Karius) > Flashcards

Neurophysiology of Drug Addiction (Karius) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

in producing pleasure, the VTA sends increased amounts of this NT to the Nac..

A

Increased dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the core of the reward/pleasure system consists of these 2 areas..

A 
Ventral segmental area (VTA)
Nucleus accumbens (NA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the VTA receives excitatory input from these 3 areas…

A

pre-frontal cortex
Lateral hypothalamus
laterodorsal tegmental nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the prefrontal cortex, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and lateral hypothalamus provide excitatory input to the VTA via these NTs…

A

prefrontal cortex: EAA

Lateral hypothalamus: Orexin

laterodorsal tegmental n.: Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the VTA provides a dopamnergic input to the NAc via the __

A

median forebrain bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in addition to the dopaminergic VTA input, the NAc also receives EAA from these areas…

A

Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

output from the NAc is to the pre-frontal cortex via this NT…

A

GABA

NAc also sends a GABA-ergic input back to the VTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

opioid inputs to the VTA inhibit a subset of GABA-ergic interneurons. This increases the release of __ in the NAc

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___-receives inputs and releases dopamine in the NAc to lead to feeling of pleasure

A

VTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___-part of striatum. D1- activate direct; D3- inhibit indirect pathways. When active, GABA is released to produce pleasure

A

NAc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___-receives input allowing pleasure from NAc

A

Pre-frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the Core system pathway of producing Pleasure …

A

Prefrontal cortex, Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus release increased EAAs & Lateral hypothalamic nucleus releases increased Orexin onto VTA —> VTA releases increased amounts of Dopamine onto NAc —> NAc decreases GABA release onto Pre-frontal cortex –> Pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outline the pathway for Preventing/absence of pleasure..

A

Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and Hippocampus release increased amounts of EAA onto NAc –> NAc releases increased amount of GABA onto prefrontal cortex –> Absence of pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The pleasure/reward system is what type of feedback system?

A

positive feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which D receptors are inhibitory?

A

D2 and D3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Major action of opioids in the reward/pleasure system?

A

Inhibit GABA interneuron in VTA –> VTA releases more dopamine in NAc –> intense feeling of pleasure (euphoria)

17
Q

To produce pleasure, what happens to the following?
VTA=__
NAc=__
GABA in the prefrontal cortex=__

A

Activate the VTA

Inhibit the NAc

Less GABA in prefrontal cortex

18
Q

To inhibit pleasure, what happens to the following?
NAc=___
GABA in the prefrontal cortex=___

A

Activate the NAc

More GABA in prefrontal cortex

19
Q

___=changes in the anatomy and physiology of synapses associated with learning. Some changes are permanent, others more transient

A

Synaptic plasticity

20
Q

___=Increase in response to same stimulus. Changes in both pre- and post-synaptic neurons which include increased NT release and increased post-synaptic responses d/t changes in the receptors to which NT binds

A

Long-term potentiation

21
Q

What drugs work by activation of GPCRs?

A

Opiates=agonist at opioid receptors

Cannabis=CB-1 receptor, leads to DA release

22
Q

What drugs work by alteration of ion channels?

A

Nicotine=agonist at NAChRs, influx of Na

Ethanol/PCP=Anatagonist at NMDA receptors (weak)

23
Q

What drugs work by interference with re-uptake mechanisms?

A

Cocaine=Inhibition of re-uptake of DA –> increase in DA availability at synapse

Amphetamines=reversal of DA reuptake transporters

24
Q

Ethanol activates the opioid inputs, particularly to the __

A

VTA

25
Q

PCP and ethanol disrupt EAA inputs to the __

A

NAc

26
Q

What other agents increase activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons?

A

cocaine

amphetamines

cannabis

27
Q

Nicotine activates NAChR on __ neurons and induces the release of dopamine

A

VTA

28
Q

the vast majority of addictive drugs lead to an increase in the dopamine release within the __ which leads to euphoria or an exaggerated reward response to even mild stimuli

A

NAc

29
Q

activation of __ within the locus ceruleus and periaqueductal grey are associated with the physical dependence on drugs. Mechanism is unclear

A

CREB

30
Q

the increase in __ release from the NAc turns the input from the VTA off, reducing the effect of the drugs. This is part of the process of desensitization that occurs with drug addiction

A

Dynorphin

31
Q

Within the NAc, ___ has been shown to lead to production of proteins (e.g. BDNF) that are responsible for remodeling of the dendrites that occurs. Has a longer lasting effect than CREB and mostly associated with anatomic changes in synapses (more synapses, more dendritic spines)

A

Delta fosB

Psych-Unit 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions