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Psych-Unit 1 > Intro Drugs of Abuse (Kruse) > Flashcards

Intro Drugs of Abuse (Kruse) Flashcards

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1
Q

__ is a drug that decreases CNS activity, moderates excitement, and calms the recipient. It is Anxiolytic and fast-acting compared to SSRIs

A

sedative

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2
Q

__ is a drug that produces drowsiness and facilitates the onset and maintenance of sleep and from which the recipient can be aroused easily. The effects involve more pronounced depression of CNS, which can be achieved with many drugs (not all) in this class by increasing the dose

A

hypnotic

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3
Q

__ bind to GABAa receptor and enhance GABAs effects (shifts dose response curve to left).

A

Benzodiazepines

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4
Q

Benzo’s effects on: Chloride ion influx? polarization? action potentials?

A

increase Cl influx
increase hyper polarization
decrease # APs

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5
Q

Metabolism of benzos? Excretion?

A

metabolism=Hepatic; CYP3A4 (phase1) and glucuronidation (phase2); Cumulative toxicity

Renal excretion

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6
Q

which benzos are intm to long acting?

A

(DLC)
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

The rest are short to intm acting

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7
Q

consequence of benzo’s with long 1/2 lives?

A

more likely to cause cumulative effects (excessive drowsiness, etc) with multiple doses

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8
Q

__ binds to the GABAa receptor, increases duration of GABA-gated channel openings

A

barbiturates

increase Cl influx, increase hyper polarization, decrease #APs (CNS depression)

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9
Q

phenobarbital, amobarbital, and secobarbital are examples of __

A

barbiturates

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10
Q

MOA of newer hypnotics (sleep aids), i.e., eszopiclone (lunesta), zolpidem (ambien), and zaleplon (sonata)?

A

bind to GABAa receptors that contain the a1-subunit

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11
Q

antagonist available for overdose of anti-anxiety meds?

A

flumazenil –> competitive antagonist

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12
Q

these drugs for tx of insomnia are highly effective, have rapid onset with minimal hangover effects

A

zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone

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13
Q

__-sleep aid with biphasic release formulation for sustained sleep maintenance

__-sleep aids that act rapidly

__-sleep aid that has longer 1/2 life

A

zolpidem

zaleplon and zolpidem

eszopiclone

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14
Q

this drug for insomnia is an agonist at MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors

A

Ramelteon

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15
Q

why do you want to avoid coadministration of Ramelteon with Fluvoxamine?

A

Fluvoxamine is an SSRI and CYP1A2 inhibitor

Ramelteon parent drug metabolized by CYP1A2 to active metabolite

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16
Q

adverse effects of Ramelteon?

A

dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, endocrine changes –> decrease T and increase prolactin

17
Q

__ is approved for tx of generalized anxiety disorder, its anxiolytic effects may take more than 1 week to become established, does NOT cause sedation, hypnotic, euphoric, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxant effects

A

Buspirone

18
Q

metabolism of Buspirone?

A

CYP3A4

19
Q

kinetics of ethanol metabolism?

A

Zero order

20
Q

Memory loss that occurs with high levels of alcohol (blackouts) most likely results from inhibition of __ receptor activation

A

NMDA

Alcohol inhibits ability of glutamate to open cation channel of NMDA receptor and leads to increased depression of CNS

21
Q

Alcohols effect on GABA receptors?

A

enhances the effects of GABA on GABAa receptor and leads to increased depression of CNS (additive CNS depression)

22
Q

major pharmacological objective in acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A

prevent seizures, delirium, and arrhythmias, electrolyte rebalancing, thiamine therapy

can be life-threatening, can use Benzos

23
Q

MOA and use for Naltrexone?

A

MOA: mu opioid receptor antagonist (long-acting)

Approved for tx of alcohol and opiate dependence

Reduces craving for etoh and rate of relapse to either drinking or eton dependence for short term (12 weeks)

24
Q

MOA and use for Acamprosate?

A

MOA: weak NMDA-receptor antagonist and GABAa receptor agonist (also effects serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems)

reduces short-term and long-term relapse rates (>6 mos)

25
Q

__ irreversibly inhibits Aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in pts who drink alcohol (flushing, throbbing HA, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, confusion d/t accumulation of aldehyde)

A

Disulfiram: Pt should be highly motivated to quit

should not be administered with any meds that contain alcohol (cough syrups, cold preps, mouthwash)

26
Q

LSD, Mescaline, psilocybin, Phencyclidine, ketamine are how addictive?

A

nonaddictive

27
Q

cocaine and amphetamine are how addictive?

A

highly addictive

nicotine and opioids slightly less addictive than these

28
Q

this non-addictive drug may lead to irreversible schizophrenia-like psychosis

A

PCP

29
Q

this non-addictive drug can cause flashbacks or altered perception years after consumption

A

LSD

30
Q

Naloxone=__-acting antagonist
Naltrexone=__-acting antagonist
Methadone, buprenorphine=__-acting agonist

A

short
long
long

31
Q

how does cocaine increase DA? what about amphetamines?

A

cocaine=inhibit DAT

amphetamine=inhibit VMAT

32
Q

OD effects of amphetamines, methylphenidate, cocaine? W/drawal symptoms?

A

OD=Agitated, HTN, tachy, delusions, hallucinate, hyperthermia, seizure, death

w/drawal=apathy, irritable, increase sleep, disorientation, depression

33
Q

OD effects of barbiturates, benzos, ethanol? w/drawal symptoms?

A

OD=slurred speech, drunken behavior, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, clammy skin, shallow resp, coma, death

w/drawal=anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremors, seizures, death

34
Q

OD effects of heroin, other strong opioids? w/drawal symptoms?

A

constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, resp depression, coma, death

w/drawl=nausea, chills, cramps, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, hyperpnea, tremor

35
Q

Opioids, cannabinoids, LSD, Mescaline, and psilocybin activate what type of receptors?

A

GPCRs

36
Q

Nicotine, alcohol, benzos, phencyclidine, and ketamine bind to what receptors?

A

ionotropic receptors and ion channels

37
Q

cocaine, amphetmaine, and ecstasy bind to __

A

transporters of biogenic amines

Psych-Unit 1 (14 decks)

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