neurophysiology of cognition

Question 1

functional components of cognition

Answer 1

at the neuronal level, cognition is produced by extensive synaptic interactions produced by pyramidal neurons of neocortical association cortices

Question 2

cognition includes

Answer 2

LV MEDS

language
visuospatial processing
memory
exectuive functioning 
decision making
social cognition

Question 3

language processing

Answer 3

conceptual system–>mediational system–>language implementation–>spoken language

Question 4

language implementation system involves

Answer 4

wernickes area, arcuate fasiculus, brocas area

Question 5

what age do babies brains start to change to recognize specific language sounds of native language and drop the use of phenomes that don’t occur in their language?
when is process complete

Answer 5

6-9 months

1 yr

Question 6

prefrontal cortex two major areas of function

Answer 6

planning complex motor actions

carrying out of thought processes

Question 7

prefrontal cortex planning of complex motor actions interacts with

Answer 7

parieto-temporal-occipital association area

Question 8

prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Answer 8

working memory

Question 9

prefrontal cortex and limbic area

Answer 9

judgment

Question 10

reward processing area

Answer 10

orbitofrontal with amygdala

Question 11

integration of bodily signals

Answer 11

ventromedial prefrotnal VMP

gut feeling

Question 12

area of recognition of facial expression and perception of that

Answer 12

superior temoral sulcus and fusiform gyrus (fusiform face area)

Question 13

emotional compreshension areas (3)

Answer 13

prefrontal cortrex, anterior cingulate cortrex, amygdala

Question 14

the ____ controls the use of the eyes and directs the gaze to the middle of the face trianlgle (particularyly the eyes)

Answer 14

amygdala

if damage to this then doesn’t look at others eyes

Question 15

mirror neurons: anterior, posterior

also visual input

Answer 15

anterior mirror system: ID goal of action
posterior mirror system: ID motor action

visual input: posterior sector of the superior temporal sulcus

Question 16

the circuit for imitating is beleived to interact with limbic structures via the ___

Answer 16

insula

Question 17

perception of prosody area

Answer 17

primary auditory cortex ID of sound and pitch and tone then right posterior supeiror temporal sulcus (RPSTS) meaning happens here
then sent to frontal cortex for judgement

Question 18

ability to understand the mental states and beliefs of others and to appreciate how these differ from our own

Answer 18

theory of mind

Question 19

theory of mind core pathway

Answer 19

amygdala and connections to the medial temporal lobes and orbitofrontal areas

Question 20

decision making stimulus encoding system

Answer 20

orbitofrontal cortex
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
striatum

Question 21

system that learns and encodes subjective value of results, also involved in error detection

Answer 21

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 22

expected reward system

what kind of risks

Answer 22

BAII

basal ganglia
amygdala
insular cortex
intraparietal cortex

unknown risks

Question 23

a decision in which the risks are known relies most heavily on the ___

Answer 23

stimulus encoding system

Question 24

decisions with unknown risk rely most heavily on what

Answer 24

expected reward system and then action selection system