neurophysiology of addiction Flashcards
VTA sends ___ to ___
dopamine to nucleus accumbens
the ventral tegmental area receives excitatory input from
and what NTs
prefrtonal cortex: EAA
lateral hypothalamus: orexin
laterodorsal tegmental nucleus: acetylcholine
Lauren Hales, PC, LDT company in virginia tech is exciting
the ventral tegmental area provides a dopaminergic input to the NA via the ___
median forebrain bundle
in addition to dopaminergic VTA input, the NAc also receives excitatory inputs from where and what NT
HAP
hippocmpus, amygdala, prefrotnal cortex
EAA
output from the NAc is to the ___ using ___ then sends signal to _____ using ___ and cotransmitter __
prefrontal cortex using GABA
back to VT using GABA which acts a negative feedback
-also cotransmitter dynorphin back to VTA
opioid inputs to VTA does what
inhibits subset of GABA-ergic interneurons which increases the release of dopamine in the NAc
nucleus accumbens, D1 ____ and D3___
activate direct
inhibit indirect
VTA releases ____ to Nac which causes ____ which then causes the prefrontal cortex to produce ___
dopamine to NAc which causes decreased release of GABA which decreases inhibition on prefrontal cortex to increase pleasure
preventing pleasure
it is not HAPpening
hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex release EAA on the NAc which increases GABA which works on the prefrontal cortex and prevents pleasure
what else do the opioid inputs activate
locus ceruleus
periaquaductal grey
opiates are agonist where and what receptor
opioid
second messenger system Gi
cannabis works at what receptor and leads to what
CB-1, leads to dopamine release
ethanol/PCP work at what receptor
antagonist at NMDA
nicotine action
agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors
influx of sodium occurs
cocaine moa
inhibits re-uptake of dopamine
amphetamines moa
reversal of dopaine reuptake transporters
ethanol activates what
opioid inputs particularly to the VTA
PCP and ethanol do what
disrupt EAA inputs to the NAc
agents that increase the activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons
coaine
amphetamines
cannabis
nicotine activates ___ on ____ and induces them to release ___
nAchR on VTA to release dopamine
blocking what in the VTA can block some of the effects of the illegal drugs but can cause what
NMDA receptors but can cause hallucinations
long term changes in neurons as a result of addictive drugs depends on and how does it work
CREB
within the NAc
leads to increased production of dynorphin which is an opioid substance that binds to kappa receptors
the NAc also sends GABA-ergic and dynorphinergic input back to VTA = desensitization
activation of ____ within the _____ and _____ are associated with the physical dependence on the drugs
CREB
locus ceruleus and periaquaductal grey
what is delta-FosB
a long term response to drug addiction
within the NAc, it has been shown to increase BDNF proteins responsible for remodeling of dentrites that occurs (increased number of dendrites and spines)
