epidemiology

Question 1

definition of epidemiology

Answer 1

public health discipline basic science which studies distribution and determinants of disease in populations to control disease and illness and promote health

Question 2

outbreak

Answer 2

epidemic limited to a localized increase in the occurrence of disease
“cluster”

Question 3

endemic

Answer 3

aids in africa

Question 4

pandemic

Answer 4

epidemic spread world wide

Question 5

proportions

Answer 5

division of 2 related numbers

part over whole

Question 6

ratios

Answer 6

division of 2 unrelated numbers

Question 7

rates

Answer 7

division of 2 numbers with time included in denominator

Question 8

incidence

Answer 8

new occurrence of an outcome/disesae

# of new cases of illness/ # of people at risk
-always subtract out from start population those who are not at risk (those with disease already or immunized)

Question 9

prevalence

Answer 9

existing occurrences of an outcome/disesae

includes old and new cases

total # of cases of illness/ # of people in population

pt and period prevelance (usually 1 yr latter)

Question 10

incidence rate

Answer 10

of new cases of illness/ person-time of people at risk of illness

Question 11

infectivity

Answer 11

infected/ # susceptible (at risk)

Question 12

pathogenicity

Answer 12

with clinical disease/ # infected

Question 13

virulence

Answer 13

of deaths/ # with infectious disease

Question 14

crude mobrbitiy

Answer 14

person with disease/# persons in population

Question 15

probability of outcome in exposed

Answer 15

A / (A+B)

Question 16

probability of outcome in non exposed

Answer 16

C/ (C+D)

Question 17

absolute risk reduction

Answer 17

difference btwn exposed and non exposed

Question 18

relative risk reduction

Answer 18

ARR/R unexposed

Question 19

number needed to treat

Answer 19

1 / ARR

always round up
make sure to put arr in decimal form

Question 20

risk ratio

Answer 20

risk of outcome in non exposed = C/C+D

Question 21

odds ratio

Answer 21

odds of exposure in non diseased

A X D / B X C

Question 22

if ratio is greater than 1 then event/outcome is ___ likely to occur in comparison group

Answer 22

more

if under 1 less likely

Question 23

interpreting ratios: if you get .77

Answer 23

then 1-.77 = 23% decreased probablitly of having outcome

Question 24

if RR = 1.53

Answer 24

then 53% increased risk

Question 25

if 2 or more, for example 2.18 for RR

Answer 25

then 2.18 times greater odds