Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCIA Exam > Neurophysiology And NeuroAnatomy For NFB > Flashcards

Neurophysiology And NeuroAnatomy For NFB Flashcards

1
Q

What describes the EEG beta rhythm?

A

Desynchronous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When we are vigilant, input from the _____ helps generate the beta rhythm

A

Reticular activating system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which brain structure functions most like a thermostat

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurotransmitters are primarily activated by

A

Reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An axon hillock must typically become ________mV more positive than at rest to trigger an action potential.

A

20mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which is the noradrenergic pathway responsible for vigilance?

A

Locus Coeruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most sensory input to the cerebral cortex is filtered and distributed by the…..

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increased firing in the _______ produces cortical activation.

A

Dorsal lateral tagmental nucleus and nucleus basalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ neurons in the brain stem generate thalamic alpha rhythms.

A

Cholonergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which structure is crucial to emotional intelligence because it’s sensitizes us to the social consequences of her actions and helps us understand the feelings of others?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to the central timing, hypothesis, alpha frequency, determines what

A

Information processing speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When neurons depolarize _____ . This makes the neurons more _______ inside.

A

When neurons depolarize, sodium ions enter and this makes the neurons more positive inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In sodium potassium transporters, …

A

Exchanges 3 sodium ions for 2 potassium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What triggers the movement of synaptic vesicles to the release zone of the axon terminal button

A

Calcium (Ca+) entry into the terminal button

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which structure may help activate behavior and focus attention?

A

Cingulate gyrus (it’s overactive in OCD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sterman proposed that _______ systems mainly influence thalamic generation of field potentials recorded from the scalp.

A

Vigilance,
sensorimotor integration, and cognitive integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which process best explains the persistence of neurofeedback training effects in ADHD

A

Long-term potentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The withdrawal of sensorimotor input to the thalamus increases _____ activity

A

SMR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The fight or flight response is organized by the ________

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Postsynaptic potentials are mainly integrated at the

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The specialized proteins located in neuronal membrane’s that have passages that can open or close are called

A

Ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The brain and spinal cord comprise the

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell at any point in time is the

A

Membrane potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Axoaxionic synapses

A

Alter the amount of neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The mechanisms that cause an action potential involves a brief

A

Drop in membrane resistance to SODIUM ions

26
Q

The postsynaptic potential produced by an ionotropic receptor is

A

Rapid and short-lived

27
Q

While neurons cannot fire during _______, intense stimuli can trigger an action potential during _______.

A

The absolute refractory period; the relative refractory period

28
Q

The voltage level that triggers, an action potential is called

A

The threshold of excitation

29
Q

Neuron terminal buttons

A

Release neurotransmitters

30
Q

What detect and generally reduce transmitter synthesis and release?

A

Autoreceptors

31
Q

Presynaptic facilitation and presynaptic inhibition both take place at the

A

Terminal button

32
Q

______ ions enter the neuron when it reaches the threshold of excitation.

A

Sodium

33
Q

The process by which ions of a similar charge repel each other, and thus evenly distribute themselves is called

A

Electrostatic pressure

34
Q

The part of the neuron that carries information to its own cell body is called the

A

Dendrite

35
Q

What would produce an IPSP

A

Both potassium ions leaving a neuron and chloride ions entering a neuron

36
Q

When a neuron is at rest, the inside of an axon

A

Is negatively charged with respect to the outside

-70 millivolts

37
Q

The ______ interacts with the cortex to produce critical EEG rhythms

A

Thalamus

38
Q

Axons that arise from cell bodies located in one brain region that synapse on neurons in another region are called

A

Projection fibers

39
Q

To which of these would a Neurotransmitter attach to produce long lasting changes in neurons, like an increase in vigilance

A

Metabotropic receptor

40
Q

What structure is involved and aggression, defense, fear, and reproduction?

A

Amygdala

41
Q

The specialized proteins located in neuronal membrane’s that have passages that can open or close are called

A

Ion channels

42
Q

The _______ controls the pituitary gland and motivated behaviors, like eating and drinking

A

Hypothalamus

43
Q

The ______ lobe is the first stage for recognizing visual objects and faces

A

Temporal

44
Q

Which functions are controlled by the temporal lobes

A

Language comprehension
Taste
Smell
Hearing

45
Q

What EEG changes signal stage one sleep?

A

Vertex spikes
Theta activity
Alpha slowing and fragmentation
Delta activity in older patients

46
Q

Which cortical lobe is responsible for executive functions like planning

A

Frontal

47
Q

What is the major groove in the brain surface called?

A

Fissure

48
Q

The diencephalon consist of the ______ and ________

A

Hypothalamus and thalamus

49
Q

Which three structures comprise the basal ganglia

A

The caudate, putamen, & Globus pallidus

50
Q

The telecephalon is the subdivision of the forebrain. Which three components does it contain?

A

Cerebrum
Limbic system
Basal ganglia

51
Q

The lateral fissure separates the temporal lobe from the

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

52
Q

The _______ consist of clusters of neurons in the diencephalon that filter in relay information between four brain structures, including the cerebral cortex

A

Thalamus

53
Q

The ______ rouses you when your alarm sounds in the morning

A

Reticular formation

54
Q

Neurons in the _____, synapse with motor neurons that initiates skeletal muscle contractions

A

Precentral gyrus (also known as the primary motor cortex)

55
Q

Which two structures are located below the temporal lobe

A

Hippocampus and amygdala

56
Q

A ________ is a raised portion of the cortical surface

A

Gyrus

57
Q

Which brain region is crucial to emotional intelligence, because it sensitizes us to both the social consequences of our own behavior, and the feelings of others?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

58
Q

The _______ processes, sensory information, like pressure and temperature, that comes from the body

A

Parietal lobe

59
Q

Which three structures are part of the limbic system?

A

Septum
Hippocampus
Amygdala

60
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______ lobe

A

Temporal

61
Q

What structure may help activate behavior and focus attention

A

Cingulate gyrus

BCIA Exam (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions