EEG & Electrophysiology

Question 1

A ____ filter reduces the amplitude of a narrow range of frequencies centered around 50hz (Europe) or 60hz (North America).

Answer 1

Notch

Question 2

An EEG _____ consists of waves of approximately constant period.

Answer 2

Rhythm

Question 3

Morphology refers to _____ of an EEG wave

Answer 3

Form

Question 4

What best describes sleep spindles?

Answer 4

Synchronous
Rhythmic 12-14 hz waves

Question 5

What refers to a period of time in an EEG record?

Answer 5

Epoch

Question 6

EEG de synchronization is produced y activation of ascending projections by the_____

Answer 6

Basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei

Question 7

Fisch & Spehlmann recommend common mode rejection ratios of at least ______

Answer 7

10,000

Question 8

Filtering adjustments can be performed retrospectively during EEG review when using ______filtering.

Answer 8

Digital

Question 9

What frequency bands contain slow waves

Answer 9

Delta & Theta

Question 10

A _____filter reduces the amplitude of lower frequencies

Answer 10

High pass

Question 11

_____ is the ratio of the output signal voltage to the input signal voltage of an EEG.

Answer 11

Gain

Question 12

FIR, IIR, and FFT are three approaches to

Answer 12

Digital filtering

Question 13

A _____ is a limited region of the scalp, cerebral cortex, or depth of the brain that displays specific EEG activity.

Answer 13

Focus

Question 14

A ______ is a sequence of two or more waves with a characteristic form or recurring with a fairly consistent form that can be distinguished from background activity.

Answer 14

Complex

Question 15

Which refers to EEG activity that is elicited by and time-locked to a stimulus like a light or tone

Answer 15

Evoked potential

Question 16

EEG rhythmicity appears to depend on interactions between the cortex and the ….

Answer 16

Thalamus

Question 17

Ascending projections from the basal forebrain and brain stem to the thalamus that interrupt rhythmical activity actively release the neurotransmitter ______.

Answer 17

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Which refers to the time interval between single waves and complexes that repeat themselves?

Answer 18

Period

Question 19

A _____ filter reduces the amplitude of higher frequencies.

Answer 19

Low pass

Question 20

Cells within the _____ if the thalamus have intrinsic pacemaker properties and stimulate thalami cortical cells that produce rhythmic excitation in the cortex

Answer 20

Nucleus reticularis

Question 21

A blank refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrons in an EEG channel, and the resulting EEG record

Answer 21

Derivation

Question 22

What term refers to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of a group of waves that can be discriminated from background activity

Answer 22

Burst

Question 23

What term refers to the non-simultaneously occurrence of EEG activity and regions on the same or opposite side of the head

Answer 23

Asynchrony

Question 24

Which montages provide excellent detection of electrode artifact

Answer 24

Sequential and common reference reference

Question 25

Which rhythm ranges from 7 to 11 hz and is detected over the central and centro- parietal region of the scalp when the patient is awake

Answer 25

Mu

Question 26

Which term refers to the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes an EEG channels, or simultaneously displayed in an EEG record

Answer 26

Montage

Question 27

Which montage consist of referential derivations

Answer 27

Referential montage

Question 28

The ______ rhythm consist of first of alpha, and Theta waves over the temporal region of the scalp with subjects are mentally active

Answer 28

Kappa

Question 29

Which term refers to the unequal amplitude, and or form and frequency of EEG activity over corresponding areas on opposite sides of the head

Answer 29

Asymmetry

Question 30

Which electrode is placed over the scalp or brain to detect EEG activity

Answer 30

Active

Question 31

A montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations, is termed, a ______ montage

Answer 31

Common electrode reference

Question 32

Which term refers to the difference between two unlike signals applied to the respective to input terminals of a differential amplifier

Answer 32

Differential signal

Question 33

Which montage, detects voltage differences between a single electrode in an average of the remaining electrodes, waited in proportion to the distance from the electrode, placed an input 1?

Answer 33

Weighted average montage

Question 34

Which montage best detects localized neural current sources

Answer 34

Laplacian

Question 35

What is the ratio of the amplification of differential in common mode signals?

Answer 35

Common mode rejection

Question 36

What term refers to electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a differential amplifier?

Answer 36

Common mode signal

Question 37

A _______ montage detects the voltage difference between a single electrode placed at input 1, and the average of the remaining 10-20 electrodes placed it input 2

Answer 37

Average reference

Question 38

Which montage permits the best analysis of asymmetry

Answer 38

Common reference

Question 39

Which montage detects voltage differences between single adjacent electrodes

Answer 39

Sequential

Question 40

Which electrode is typically connected to input terminal 2 of an EEG amplifier, and used to measure the potential variations of another electrode

Answer 40

Reference

Question 41

T4 is closest to the

Answer 41

Right preauicular point

Question 42

Cz is located

Answer 42

At the vertex

Question 43

The nucleus reticularis of the thalamus allows thalamic peacemakers to adjust their firing frequencies by releasing ____ on relay an inhibitory interneurons.

Answer 43

GABA

Question 44

An analog to digital conversion, the number of digital points per second used to represent an analog signal, is referred to as the

Answer 44

Sampling rate

Question 45

An advance form of topographic mapping superimposes a color or grayscale image of a EEG feature onto the critical surface image created using ______

Answer 45

MRI

Question 46

_______ constructs a graphical display of the distribution of a particular EEG feature over the scout, the critical surface.

Answer 46

Topographical mapping

Question 47

Siberstein propose that regional resonances are produced by resonance loops between macro columns that are several centimeters apart and produce EEG activity in the ______ range

Answer 47

Alpha Beta

Question 48

When a clinician wants to visually inspect a signal that has undergone analog to digital conversion, the sampling rate should be at least _____ times the highest frequency of interest, or else waveform morphology may be distorted

Answer 48

6

Question 49

When an analog to digital converter samples, an analog signal at a rate, less than twice its frequency, the signal will be misrepresented as a slower frequency Wave forms. This problem is called….

Answer 49

Aliasing

Question 50

The location SP is ____ % of the nasion to inion distance

Answer 50

10%

Question 51

The sites labeled with a “Z “are located

Answer 51

Along the midline

Question 52

______ transforms the EEG signal into numerical values that can help clinicians examine selected EEG features

Answer 52

QEEG

Question 53

Based on the Nyquist theorem, if you want to perform analog to digital conversions on a 25 Hz signal, the sampling rate should be at least…

Answer 53

Twice the fastest frequency, therefore 50 Hz

Question 54

Siberstein propose that global residences are produced by residence loops between widely separated areas and produce EEG activity in the ______ range

Answer 54

Delta theta

Question 55

C locations are found in the _____ areas

Answer 55

Central

Question 56

The F, Z, Cz, and Pz sites are each ____ % of the total distance between the nasion and inion starting from FPZ

Answer 56

20%

Question 57

Silberstein proposed that local resonance loops between adjacent macrocolumns and produce EEG activity in the _____ range.

Answer 57

Gamma

Question 58

An increase in _____ produces hypercoupled states which facilitate small regional and local resonance loops

Answer 58

Acetocholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine

Question 59

An increase in the neuromodulator _____ produces the hypercoupling that generates global resonances

Answer 59

Serotonin