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BCIA Exam > EEG & Electrophysiology > Flashcards

EEG & Electrophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

A ____ filter reduces the amplitude of a narrow range of frequencies centered around 50hz (Europe) or 60hz (North America).

A

Notch

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2
Q

An EEG _____ consists of waves of approximately constant period.

A

Rhythm

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3
Q

Morphology refers to _____ of an EEG wave

A

Form

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4
Q

What best describes sleep spindles?

A

Synchronous
Rhythmic 12-14 hz waves

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5
Q

What refers to a period of time in an EEG record?

A

Epoch

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6
Q

EEG de synchronization is produced y activation of ascending projections by the_____

A

Basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei

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7
Q

Fisch & Spehlmann recommend common mode rejection ratios of at least ______

A

10,000

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8
Q

Filtering adjustments can be performed retrospectively during EEG review when using ______filtering.

A

Digital

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9
Q

What frequency bands contain slow waves

A

Delta & Theta

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10
Q

A _____filter reduces the amplitude of lower frequencies

A

High pass

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11
Q

_____ is the ratio of the output signal voltage to the input signal voltage of an EEG.

A

Gain

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12
Q

FIR, IIR, and FFT are three approaches to

A

Digital filtering

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13
Q

A _____ is a limited region of the scalp, cerebral cortex, or depth of the brain that displays specific EEG activity.

A

Focus

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14
Q

A ______ is a sequence of two or more waves with a characteristic form or recurring with a fairly consistent form that can be distinguished from background activity.

A

Complex

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15
Q

Which refers to EEG activity that is elicited by and time-locked to a stimulus like a light or tone

A

Evoked potential

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16
Q

EEG rhythmicity appears to depend on interactions between the cortex and the ….

A

Thalamus

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17
Q

Ascending projections from the basal forebrain and brain stem to the thalamus that interrupt rhythmical activity actively release the neurotransmitter ______.

A

Acetylcholine

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18
Q

Which refers to the time interval between single waves and complexes that repeat themselves?

A

Period

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19
Q

A _____ filter reduces the amplitude of higher frequencies.

A

Low pass

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20
Q

Cells within the _____ if the thalamus have intrinsic pacemaker properties and stimulate thalami cortical cells that produce rhythmic excitation in the cortex

A

Nucleus reticularis

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21
Q

A blank refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrons in an EEG channel, and the resulting EEG record

A

Derivation

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22
Q

What term refers to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of a group of waves that can be discriminated from background activity

A

Burst

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23
Q

What term refers to the non-simultaneously occurrence of EEG activity and regions on the same or opposite side of the head

A

Asynchrony

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24
Q

Which montages provide excellent detection of electrode artifact

A

Sequential and common reference reference

25
Q

Which rhythm ranges from 7 to 11 hz and is detected over the central and centro- parietal region of the scalp when the patient is awake

A

Mu

26
Q

Which term refers to the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes an EEG channels, or simultaneously displayed in an EEG record

A

Montage

27
Q

Which montage consist of referential derivations

A

Referential montage

28
Q

The ______ rhythm consist of first of alpha, and Theta waves over the temporal region of the scalp with subjects are mentally active

A

Kappa

29
Q

Which term refers to the unequal amplitude, and or form and frequency of EEG activity over corresponding areas on opposite sides of the head

A

Asymmetry

30
Q

Which electrode is placed over the scalp or brain to detect EEG activity

A

Active

31
Q

A montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations, is termed, a ______ montage

A

Common electrode reference

32
Q

Which term refers to the difference between two unlike signals applied to the respective to input terminals of a differential amplifier

A

Differential signal

33
Q

Which montage, detects voltage differences between a single electrode in an average of the remaining electrodes, waited in proportion to the distance from the electrode, placed an input 1?

A

Weighted average montage

34
Q

Which montage best detects localized neural current sources

A

Laplacian

35
Q

What is the ratio of the amplification of differential in common mode signals?

A

Common mode rejection

36
Q

What term refers to electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a differential amplifier?

A

Common mode signal

37
Q

A _______ montage detects the voltage difference between a single electrode placed at input 1, and the average of the remaining 10-20 electrodes placed it input 2

A

Average reference

38
Q

Which montage permits the best analysis of asymmetry

A

Common reference

39
Q

Which montage detects voltage differences between single adjacent electrodes

A

Sequential

40
Q

Which electrode is typically connected to input terminal 2 of an EEG amplifier, and used to measure the potential variations of another electrode

A

Reference

41
Q

T4 is closest to the

A

Right preauicular point

42
Q

Cz is located

A

At the vertex

43
Q

The nucleus reticularis of the thalamus allows thalamic peacemakers to adjust their firing frequencies by releasing ____ on relay an inhibitory interneurons.

A

GABA

44
Q

An analog to digital conversion, the number of digital points per second used to represent an analog signal, is referred to as the

A

Sampling rate

45
Q

An advance form of topographic mapping superimposes a color or grayscale image of a EEG feature onto the critical surface image created using ______

A

MRI

46
Q

_______ constructs a graphical display of the distribution of a particular EEG feature over the scout, the critical surface.

A

Topographical mapping

47
Q

Siberstein propose that regional resonances are produced by resonance loops between macro columns that are several centimeters apart and produce EEG activity in the ______ range

A

Alpha Beta

48
Q

When a clinician wants to visually inspect a signal that has undergone analog to digital conversion, the sampling rate should be at least _____ times the highest frequency of interest, or else waveform morphology may be distorted

A

6

49
Q

When an analog to digital converter samples, an analog signal at a rate, less than twice its frequency, the signal will be misrepresented as a slower frequency Wave forms. This problem is called….

A

Aliasing

50
Q

The location SP is ____ % of the nasion to inion distance

A

10%

51
Q

The sites labeled with a “Z “are located

A

Along the midline

52
Q

______ transforms the EEG signal into numerical values that can help clinicians examine selected EEG features

A

QEEG

53
Q

Based on the Nyquist theorem, if you want to perform analog to digital conversions on a 25 Hz signal, the sampling rate should be at least…

A

Twice the fastest frequency, therefore 50 Hz

54
Q

Siberstein propose that global residences are produced by residence loops between widely separated areas and produce EEG activity in the ______ range

A

Delta theta

55
Q

C locations are found in the _____ areas

A

Central

56
Q

The F, Z, Cz, and Pz sites are each ____ % of the total distance between the nasion and inion starting from FPZ

A

20%

57
Q

Silberstein proposed that local resonance loops between adjacent macrocolumns and produce EEG activity in the _____ range.

A

Gamma

58
Q

An increase in _____ produces hypercoupled states which facilitate small regional and local resonance loops

A

Acetocholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine

59
Q

An increase in the neuromodulator _____ produces the hypercoupling that generates global resonances

A

Serotonin

BCIA Exam (24 decks)

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