EEG & NFB Flashcards
Which term refers to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of a group of waves that can be discriminated from background activity
Burst
Describe kappa waves
consist of burst of alpha, and Theta waves over the temporal region of the scalp when clients are mentally active
A differential signal is the difference between
To unlike signals applied to the respective to input terminals of a differential amplifier
What electrode is typically connected to input terminal two of an EEG amplifier, and used to measure the potential variations of another electrode?
Reference electrode
Which montage, detects voltage differences between a single electrode, and an average of the remaining electrodes, waited in proportion to the distance from the electrode placed in input one?
Weighted average montage
Which montage best detects the localized neural current sources
Laplacian
Which term refers to the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes and EEG channels are simultaneously displayed in an EEG record
 Montage
Which term refers to the non-stimulus occurrence of EEG activity in regions on the same or opposite side of the head
Asynchrony
Which electrode is placed over the scalp or brain to detect a EEG activity
The active electrode
A(n) _______ montage detects the voltage difference between a single electrode placed an input one and the average of the remaining 10-20 electrodes placed in input 2
An average reference montage
Which term refers to the unequal amplitude, and or form and frequency of EEG activity over corresponding areas on opposite sides of the head
Asymmetry
Which term refers to the electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a differential amplifier
 A common mode signal
Which rhythm ranges from 7–11 hurts and is detected over the central or central parietal regions of the scalp when the patient is awake
The mu rhythm
Which montage consist of referential derivations
A referential montage. It consist of pairs of electrodes, including an active electrode, placed in input terminal one and reference electrode place in input terminal two of an EEG amplifier.
Which montage permits the best analysis of asymmetry
A common reference montage
Which montage detects voltage differences between two adjacent electrodes
Hey, sequential montage. This montage consist of multiple derivations, where no single electrode is common to all derivations. In most cases, the derivations are linked.
Which of these is the ratio of the amplification of differential and common mode signals
Common mode rejection
A ______ refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an EEG count channel and resulting EEG record
Derivation
A montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations, is termed, a ______ montage
 A common electrode reference
Which montages provide excellent detection of electrode artifact
Sequential and comment reference
Finite impulse response, infinite impulse response, and frequency domain filtering are three approaches to
Digital filtering
What do you call a period of time in an EEG record
Epoch
What refers to EEG activity that is elicited by and time-locked to a stimulus like a light or tone
And evoked potential
EEG desacralization is produced by the activation of ascending projections by the
Basil forebrain, Locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei
A ————— filter reduces the amplitude of a narrow range of frequencies centered around 60 Hz (North America)
A notch filcher reduces the amplitude of a narrow range of frequencies
A ———— filter reduces the amplitude of higher frequencies
A low pass filter reduces the amplitude of higher frequencies while allowing lower frequencies to pass through the amplifier
Filtering adjustments can be performed retrospectively during EEG review when using what type of filtering
Digital filtering
A ———— is a sequence of two or more waves with the characteristic form, or reoccurring with a fairly consistent form that can be distinguished from background activity
A complex wave
Fisch and Spehlmann recommend common mode rejection, ratios of at least ——- ohms.
10,000
Ascending projections from the basil for brain and brain stem to the thalamus, the interrupt rhythmical activity release the neurotransmitter…
Acetylcholine
What do you call the form or shape of the EEG waves?
Morphology
A ———- filter reduces the amplitude of lower frequencies
A high pass filter reduces the amplitude of lower frequencies while allowing higher frequencies to pass through the amplifier
——— is the ratio of the output, signal voltage to the input, signal voltage of an EEG channel
Gain is the ratio of the output, signal voltage to the input, signal voltage of an EEG channel
AnEEG ———— consist of waves of approximately constant.
An EEG rhythm
What are sleep spindles?
Sleep spindles are synchronous, rhythmic 12–14 Hz waves that usually first appear during stage 2 sleep and reduce our responsiveness to environmental stimuli like noise
EEG Rittz mystery appears to depend on interactions between the Cortex and the
Thalamus
A ———- is a limited region of the scalp, cerebral cortex, or depth of the brain that displays specific EEG activity
Focus
Which frequency bands contain slow activity
Delta and theta
Which refers to the time interval between single waves and complexes that repeat themselves?
Period refers to the time interval between single waves and complexes. When single waves and complexes repeat at intervals longer than the wavelength, they are called periodic.
Cells within the ————- of the thalamus, have intrinsic peacemaker properties and stimulate thalamocortical cells that produce rhythmic expectations in the Cortex
Nucleus reticularis
C locations are found in what area of the brain
Central location
An increase of what neurotransmitters produce, hypocoupled states which facilitate small regional and local resonance loops 
Acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine
Based on the Nyquist theorem, if you want to perform analog to digital conversion on a 25 hertz signal, the sampling rate should be at least
50 Hz. The rate is twice the fastest frequency in the signal of interest
Silberstein proposed that regional resonances are produced by residence loops between microcolumns that are several centimeters apart and produce EEG activity in the ———- range
Alpha Beta range. The closer the macro columns, the faster, the frequencies they generate.
An analog to digital conversion, the number of digital points per second used to represent an analog signal, is referred to as the
Sampling rate
Those sites labeled with a “Z” are located
Along the midline
And advanced form topography mapping, super imposes, a color or grayscale image of an EEG feature onto the Cortical surface image created using
MRI
T4 is closest to
Right preauricular point, notch
Silberstein proposed that global residences are produced by residence loops between widely separated areas and produce EEG activity in the ———- range
Delta theta range.
The nucleus, reticularis of the thalamus allows thelamic peacemakers to adjust their firing frequencies by releasing ——- on relay and inhibitory interneurons
GABA
When an analog to digital converter samples and analog signal, at a rate, less than twice its frequency, the signal will be misrepresented as slower frequency wave forms. This problem is called.
Aliasing
When a clinician wants to visually inspect a signal that has undergone analog to digital conversion, the sampling rate should be at least ——— times the highest frequency of interest or else waveform morphology may be distorted
Six
———— transforms the EEG signal into numerical values. They can help clinicians examine selected EEG features.
Quantitative EEG
CZ is located
At the vertex
———- constructs, a graphical display of the distribution of a particular EEG feature over the scalp, a Cortical surface
Topographical mapping
The Fz, Cz and Pz sites are each blank percent of the total distance between the nasion an inion starting from FPZ
20%
An increase of the neuromodulator ————- produces the hypercoupling that generates global resonances.
Serotonin
Silberstein propose that local resonances are produced by resonance loops between adjacent microcolumns and produce EEG activity at the ——— range
Gamma
What is the origin of scalp EEG activity?
Postsynaptic potential
Where are the additional electrode locations on the international 10–10 system placement
AF, FC, CP, PO, FT, & TP
What’s another term for common mode rejection?
In phase cancellation
What is amplified in an EEG?
1.Extra cerebral Potentials
2.Main’s artifact
3.Radio, frequency. noise
And Rowen’s Primer of EEG electrical events are
- A flow of current that creates a field that spreads out from the origin of an electrical event.
- A potential field.
- The summation of a IPSPs & EPSPs in a neuronal net.
What is the advantage of a 10–10 system?
- Improves the detection of localized evoked potentials.
- Increases EEG spatial resolution.
- Better localizes epileptic form activity.
What causes rhythmic EEG signal such as alpha?
- Cells in the nucleus, reticularis of the thalamus that have pacing properties.
- Interaction between Cortex and thalamus.
- The activity of thalamic pacemaker cells.
What types of metals are commonly used in EEG recordings?
Gold, platinum, silver, silver chloride, and tin
Which four electrodes received new designations from the 10-20 electrode placement system now in the 10-10 placement?
T3, T4, T5, and T6 became T7, T8, P7, and P8 
What mechanism maintains, rhythmic, cortical activities, such as alpha?
The functional properties of large neuronal networks in the cortex that have an intrinsic capacity for Rhythmicity
