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BCIA Exam > EEG & NFB > Flashcards

EEG & NFB Flashcards

1
Q

Which term refers to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of a group of waves that can be discriminated from background activity

A

Burst

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2
Q

Describe kappa waves

A

consist of burst of alpha, and Theta waves over the temporal region of the scalp when clients are mentally active

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3
Q

A differential signal is the difference between

A

To unlike signals applied to the respective to input terminals of a differential amplifier

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4
Q

What electrode is typically connected to input terminal two of an EEG amplifier, and used to measure the potential variations of another electrode?

A

Reference electrode

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5
Q

Which montage, detects voltage differences between a single electrode, and an average of the remaining electrodes, waited in proportion to the distance from the electrode placed in input one?

A

Weighted average montage

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6
Q

Which montage best detects the localized neural current sources

A

Laplacian

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7
Q

Which term refers to the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes and EEG channels are simultaneously displayed in an EEG record

A

 Montage

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8
Q

Which term refers to the non-stimulus occurrence of EEG activity in regions on the same or opposite side of the head

A

Asynchrony

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9
Q

Which electrode is placed over the scalp or brain to detect a EEG activity

A

The active electrode

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10
Q

A(n) _______ montage detects the voltage difference between a single electrode placed an input one and the average of the remaining 10-20 electrodes placed in input 2

A

An average reference montage

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11
Q

Which term refers to the unequal amplitude, and or form and frequency of EEG activity over corresponding areas on opposite sides of the head

A

Asymmetry

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12
Q

Which term refers to the electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a differential amplifier

A

 A common mode signal

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13
Q

Which rhythm ranges from 7–11 hurts and is detected over the central or central parietal regions of the scalp when the patient is awake

A

The mu rhythm

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14
Q

Which montage consist of referential derivations

A

A referential montage. It consist of pairs of electrodes, including an active electrode, placed in input terminal one and reference electrode place in input terminal two of an EEG amplifier.

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15
Q

Which montage permits the best analysis of asymmetry

A

A common reference montage

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16
Q

Which montage detects voltage differences between two adjacent electrodes

A

Hey, sequential montage. This montage consist of multiple derivations, where no single electrode is common to all derivations. In most cases, the derivations are linked.

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17
Q

Which of these is the ratio of the amplification of differential and common mode signals

A

Common mode rejection

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18
Q

A ______ refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an EEG count channel and resulting EEG record

A

Derivation

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19
Q

A montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations, is termed, a ______ montage

A

 A common electrode reference

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20
Q

Which montages provide excellent detection of electrode artifact

A

Sequential and comment reference

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21
Q

Finite impulse response, infinite impulse response, and frequency domain filtering are three approaches to

A

Digital filtering

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22
Q

What do you call a period of time in an EEG record

A

Epoch

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23
Q

What refers to EEG activity that is elicited by and time-locked to a stimulus like a light or tone

A

And evoked potential

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24
Q

EEG desacralization is produced by the activation of ascending projections by the

A

Basil forebrain, Locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei

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25
Q

A ————— filter reduces the amplitude of a narrow range of frequencies centered around 60 Hz (North America)

A

A notch filcher reduces the amplitude of a narrow range of frequencies

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26
Q

A ———— filter reduces the amplitude of higher frequencies

A

A low pass filter reduces the amplitude of higher frequencies while allowing lower frequencies to pass through the amplifier

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27
Q

Filtering adjustments can be performed retrospectively during EEG review when using what type of filtering

A

Digital filtering

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28
Q

A ———— is a sequence of two or more waves with the characteristic form, or reoccurring with a fairly consistent form that can be distinguished from background activity

A

A complex wave

29
Q

Fisch and Spehlmann recommend common mode rejection, ratios of at least ——- ohms.

A

10,000

30
Q

Ascending projections from the basil for brain and brain stem to the thalamus, the interrupt rhythmical activity release the neurotransmitter…

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

What do you call the form or shape of the EEG waves?

A

Morphology

32
Q

A ———- filter reduces the amplitude of lower frequencies

A

A high pass filter reduces the amplitude of lower frequencies while allowing higher frequencies to pass through the amplifier

33
Q

——— is the ratio of the output, signal voltage to the input, signal voltage of an EEG channel

A

Gain is the ratio of the output, signal voltage to the input, signal voltage of an EEG channel

34
Q

AnEEG ———— consist of waves of approximately constant.

A

An EEG rhythm

35
Q

What are sleep spindles?

A

Sleep spindles are synchronous, rhythmic 12–14 Hz waves that usually first appear during stage 2 sleep and reduce our responsiveness to environmental stimuli like noise

36
Q

EEG Rittz mystery appears to depend on interactions between the Cortex and the

A

Thalamus

37
Q

A ———- is a limited region of the scalp, cerebral cortex, or depth of the brain that displays specific EEG activity

A

Focus

38
Q

Which frequency bands contain slow activity

A

Delta and theta

39
Q

Which refers to the time interval between single waves and complexes that repeat themselves?

A

Period refers to the time interval between single waves and complexes. When single waves and complexes repeat at intervals longer than the wavelength, they are called periodic.

40
Q

Cells within the ————- of the thalamus, have intrinsic peacemaker properties and stimulate thalamocortical cells that produce rhythmic expectations in the Cortex

A

Nucleus reticularis

41
Q

C locations are found in what area of the brain

A

Central location

42
Q

An increase of what neurotransmitters produce, hypocoupled states which facilitate small regional and local resonance loops 

A

Acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine

43
Q

Based on the Nyquist theorem, if you want to perform analog to digital conversion on a 25 hertz signal, the sampling rate should be at least

A

50 Hz. The rate is twice the fastest frequency in the signal of interest

44
Q

Silberstein proposed that regional resonances are produced by residence loops between microcolumns that are several centimeters apart and produce EEG activity in the ———- range

A

Alpha Beta range. The closer the macro columns, the faster, the frequencies they generate.

45
Q

An analog to digital conversion, the number of digital points per second used to represent an analog signal, is referred to as the

A

Sampling rate

46
Q

Those sites labeled with a “Z” are located

A

Along the midline

47
Q

And advanced form topography mapping, super imposes, a color or grayscale image of an EEG feature onto the Cortical surface image created using

A

MRI

48
Q

T4 is closest to

A

Right preauricular point, notch

49
Q

Silberstein proposed that global residences are produced by residence loops between widely separated areas and produce EEG activity in the ———- range

A

Delta theta range.

50
Q

The nucleus, reticularis of the thalamus allows thelamic peacemakers to adjust their firing frequencies by releasing ——- on relay and inhibitory interneurons

A

GABA

51
Q

When an analog to digital converter samples and analog signal, at a rate, less than twice its frequency, the signal will be misrepresented as slower frequency wave forms. This problem is called.

A

Aliasing

52
Q

When a clinician wants to visually inspect a signal that has undergone analog to digital conversion, the sampling rate should be at least ——— times the highest frequency of interest or else waveform morphology may be distorted

A

Six

53
Q

———— transforms the EEG signal into numerical values. They can help clinicians examine selected EEG features.

A

Quantitative EEG

54
Q

CZ is located

A

At the vertex

55
Q

———- constructs, a graphical display of the distribution of a particular EEG feature over the scalp, a Cortical surface

A

Topographical mapping

56
Q

The Fz, Cz and Pz sites are each blank percent of the total distance between the nasion an inion starting from FPZ

A

20%

57
Q

An increase of the neuromodulator ————- produces the hypercoupling that generates global resonances.

A

Serotonin

58
Q

Silberstein propose that local resonances are produced by resonance loops between adjacent microcolumns and produce EEG activity at the ——— range

A

Gamma

59
Q

What is the origin of scalp EEG activity?

A

Postsynaptic potential

60
Q

Where are the additional electrode locations on the international 10–10 system placement

A

AF, FC, CP, PO, FT, & TP

61
Q

What’s another term for common mode rejection?

A

In phase cancellation

62
Q

What is amplified in an EEG?

A

1.Extra cerebral Potentials
2.Main’s artifact
3.Radio, frequency. noise

63
Q

And Rowen’s Primer of EEG electrical events are

A
  1. A flow of current that creates a field that spreads out from the origin of an electrical event.
  2. A potential field.
  3. The summation of a IPSPs & EPSPs in a neuronal net.
64
Q

What is the advantage of a 10–10 system?

A
  1. Improves the detection of localized evoked potentials.
  2. Increases EEG spatial resolution.
  3. Better localizes epileptic form activity.
65
Q

What causes rhythmic EEG signal such as alpha?

A
  1. Cells in the nucleus, reticularis of the thalamus that have pacing properties.
  2. Interaction between Cortex and thalamus.
  3. The activity of thalamic pacemaker cells.
66
Q

What types of metals are commonly used in EEG recordings?

A

Gold, platinum, silver, silver chloride, and tin

67
Q

Which four electrodes received new designations from the 10-20 electrode placement system now in the 10-10 placement?

A

T3, T4, T5, and T6 became T7, T8, P7, and P8 

68
Q

What mechanism maintains, rhythmic, cortical activities, such as alpha?

A

The functional properties of large neuronal networks in the cortex that have an intrinsic capacity for Rhythmicity

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