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BCIA Exam > Instrumentation For Neurofeedback > Flashcards

Instrumentation For Neurofeedback Flashcards

1
Q

EOG artifact in EEG recording is due to

A

Electrical potential differences between the aqueous and vitreous humors of the eye

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2
Q

I blinks an eye movements, produce artifacts that may fall within the _______ range

A

Delta and theta

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3
Q

What is related to EEG signal frequency

A

Cycles per second

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4
Q

If your voltage is 24 & resistance is 2, current is ______ amperes.

A

12

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5
Q

Which band pass can be used to measure alpha EEG activity.

A

8 - 12 Hz

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6
Q

And impedance meter measures the quality of skin – electric contact in

A

Kohms

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7
Q

What is specified in dB/octave?

A

Filter Slope

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8
Q

Power refers to the square of signal

A

Amplitude

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9
Q

________ artifact is usually the strongest source of contamination during EEG recording.

A

Sixty Hz (50 Hz)

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10
Q

What can worse than movement artifact in EEG recording

A

Lengthening the EEG cable

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11
Q

SMR activity can be detected from

A

12-15 Hz

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12
Q

The majority of EEG power falls between

A

0-20 Hz

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13
Q

The EEG primarily reflects, graded _________ Potentials in _______

A

Excitatory and inhibitory

Dendrites

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14
Q

What EEG landmark is closest to the ear

A

Preauricular point

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15
Q

In North America, contamination from line, current occurs primarily at

A

60 Hz

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16
Q

Standard electric placement system draws an imaginary line from the nasion to the

A

Inion

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17
Q

A ______ wave is a slow Cortical potential

A

P300

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18
Q

Which bandpass can be used to measure Theta EEG activity

A

4-7 Hz

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19
Q

AnEEG signal is measured in microvolts. A microphone is _______ of a volt.

A

1/1,000,000

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20
Q

Breathing pattern can influence EEG training. For example, when hyperventilation constricts cerebral blood vessels, it generates ________ activity.

A

Theta

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21
Q

Which circuit does a blown fuse illustrate

A

Open circuit

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22
Q

What measures and electroencephalograph’s ability to detect the smallest signal voltage

A

Sensitivity

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23
Q

How would you control eye-movement artifact?

A
  1. Monitoring, vertical and horizontal EOG artifacts.
  2. Exclude contaminated epoch
  3. Use a high pass filter to exclude activity in the Delta range
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24
Q

When there’s a break in an electrode cable, impedance measured from both ends of the cable should be _____ ohms

A

Infinite

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25
Q

EEG signals are converted into ____ during optical, isolation

A

Light

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26
Q

Which filter select signals below a specified cut off frequency

A

Low-pass filter

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27
Q

Which technique is used to quantify EEG amplitude within a specific frequency bands

A

FFT

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28
Q

If a signal amplitude is one microvolts at Midland, the amplitude at the corner frequencies is _____ microvolts

A

.707

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29
Q

A notch filter to remove line current noise typically operates from ____\ in North America.

A

58 - 62 Hz

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30
Q

The highest amplitude EEG frequency band is called the ______ frequency

A

Dominant

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31
Q

Which common mode rejection, ratio specifications would you prefer in an electroencephalograph?

A

110 dB

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32
Q

What index is an EEG’s ability to detect the smallest change in activity

A

Resolution

33
Q

What is typically the strongest source of interference in EEG recording?

A

60 Hz artifact

34
Q

A one second exposure to currents of _______ mA can produce ventricular fibrillation

A

50 mA

35
Q

What filter select signals above a specified, cut off frequency

A

High pass filter

36
Q

A dummy subject is used with EEG or EMG instruments to measure

A

Both environmental and instrument noise

37
Q

Opposition to the movement of an AC signal through a circuit is called

A

Impedance

38
Q

What is measured in microvolts

A

Signal strength

39
Q

Which integration method produces the highest EEG and EMG values

A

Peak to peak

40
Q

What forces electrons to move in a circuit

A

Electromotive force

41
Q

Where is alpha, amplitude lowest in a healthy subject

A

Frontal lobe

42
Q

Sudden limb and electrode cable movement will most affect the _____ band

A

Delta

43
Q

Your electroencephalograph’s display shows two microvolts. During which stage of processing was the value calculated.

A

Integration

44
Q

Which term refers to the combination of electrodes used in a single amplifier channel

A

Derivation

45
Q

What describes a differential amplifier

A

Subtract identical input signals

46
Q

Sterman recommends using _____ to represent EEG power in descriptive statistics

A

The natural log transformation of microvolts

47
Q

How does a ground fault interrupter circuit, protect against shock

A

Triggers a circuit breaker when there is leakage

48
Q

EEG electrodes are located blank of the distance between the nasion and the inion, and between the left preauricular point, and right preauricular point

A

10 or 20%

49
Q

Which term means a segment of a biofeedback or neurofeedback recording

A

Epoch

50
Q

A conservative guideline is that impedance values for disc electrodes should not exceed _____ kohms , and it should be balanced with _____ kohms to ensure acceptable common motor ejection and high sensitivity

A

5; 1

51
Q

What material produces the lowest electrode noise

A

Silver silver-chloride

52
Q

How can you control radio Frequency artifact

A
  1. Select a 40 Hz. High pass filter.
  2. Locate encoders away from high frequency, artifact sources.
  3. Remove unused sensor cables from the encoder box.
53
Q

A one second exposure to current exceeding _____ mA can produce injury

A

5 mA

54
Q

Name the international EEG electrode placement system

A

10-20 international system of electrode placement

55
Q

_____ is the correlation between the amplitude of specific frequencies, recorded a different sites overtime and specific conditions.

A

Comodulation

56
Q

A blown fuse illustrates what kind of circuit

A

Open

57
Q

What would help reduce 60 Hz noise during EEG & SEMG recording

A

Differential amplifier

58
Q

When a faulty electrode connection results in a sudden voltage discharge, this produces….

A

Electrode pop, artifact

59
Q

Which electroencephalograph differential input impedance specification is best

A

10 megohms

60
Q

Which method produces the largest signal voltage by transforming both positive and - halves into an equivalent, DC signal

A

Full wave rectification

61
Q

Which term refers to a signal sampling.

A

Epoch

62
Q

Which is the first amplification stage in an instrument that requires several stages to increase a low level signal to voltage levels, requiring for processing?

A

Preamplifier

63
Q

_____ is the rate of electron movement through a circuit

A

Current

64
Q

A(n) ______ multiplies the voltage of a low amplitude signal

A

Amplifier

65
Q

In ______, EEG signals are rapidly sampled, digitized, and decomposed into a series of wave forms of different frequencies. This technique calculates amplitude for frequencies within a band, passed to determine the power distribution of a signal.

A

FFT

66
Q

_______ refers to the actual frequency selected by a filter for further analysis

A

Bandpass

67
Q

An amplifier is differential input impedance should be at least ______ times the skin electrode impedance

A

100

68
Q

Which integration method results in a voltage that is two times peak voltage?

A

Peak to peak

69
Q

Which is the proportion of signal to artifact amplitude measured in dB?

A

Signal to noise ratio

70
Q

_____ occurs when an EMG signal travels to an EEG electrode and contaminates these recordings

A

Volume conduction

71
Q

Which of these is an interval between two frequencies that represents a 2:1 ratio

A

Octave

72
Q

______ is the ability of a differential amplifier to subtract signals common to active and reference electrodes

A

Common mode rejection

73
Q

Which is a unit of resistance

A

Ohm

74
Q

Which of these converts a filtered AC signal into a positive DC signal for integration?

A

Rectifier

75
Q

________ refers to a point on a waveforms 360° cycle had an instant in time.

A

Phase

76
Q

An ________ prevents current flow under normal circumstances

A

Insulator

77
Q

What measures the noise due to instrument an environmental sources?

A

Dummy subject

78
Q

The ______ is the absolute difference between the high pass and low pass frequencies, measured in hertz

A

Bandwidth

79
Q

What protects a patient from shock hazard by converting an electrical signal to a beam of light that is projector across a gap and re-converted into a electrical signal?

A

Optical isolator

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