Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Neurophys part 1 > Flashcards

Neurophys part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the PNS split into

A

Sensory (afferent) and Motor division (efferent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the CNS made of

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is in PNS

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the motor system break into

A

Somatic (voluntary movement of skeletal muscle)
Autonomic (visceral motor, involuntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Autonomic system split into

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic (also enteric)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the recieving region of the neuron

A

Soma and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the action potential start, and why there

A

Axon Hillock- have large concentration of NA/K VG channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the signal propegated on the neuron

A

the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the nerve ending on the neuron

A

Terminal Buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is neuron RMP

A

-70 Mv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 things that maintain the RMP

A
  1. Na/K pumps
  2. Negatively charged proteins in the cell
  3. K and Na leak channels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which channels have inactivation gate

A

Na has inactivation gate, NOT K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the thing that causes hyperpolarization

A

potassium leaving, and then when the AP gets more positive, K closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes the absolute refractory period

A

the Na channels are inactivated with the inactivation gate, so cannot open because they haven’t been reset yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What channels are open during resting phase

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What channels are open during depolarization

A

Na channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What channels are open during repolarization

A

K channels open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What channels open during hyperpolarization

A

K open in hyperpolarization until back at RMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe saltatory transduction

A
  • When we have myelinated axons, we need to recharge the nodes of ranvier only to transduce AP. Signal jumps from one node to next
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which parts of axon have highest Na channel density

A

node of ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is myelin a good or bad insulator

A

Myelin is made of cell membrane of schwann cells, and is a good insulator (keeps signal in). Lipid layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lipids vs water as conductors and insulators

A

Lipid: bad conductor, good insulator
Water: good conductor, bad insulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why can AP only move one way

A

the Na channels are inactivated behind, so signal must continue moving in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the factors that dictate transmission speed

A
  1. Diameter of axon
  2. Degree of myelination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fastest neuron fibers

A

A alpha- somatic motor, proprioception
268mph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Slowest nerve fibers

A

C fibers, temperature/ sympathetic
1mph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What direction does orthograde transport go

A

Move things from cell body down to axon
Proteins, vesicles, neuropeptides move this way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what direction does retrograde transport go and what goes that way

A

from axon terminal to cell body
viruses, nerve growth factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

anchor neurons to blood vessils, ergulate extracellular envrionment, repair damaged tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

myelinate axons in CNS

COPS- Central=oligodendrocytes, Peripheral=schwann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Function of microglial cells

A

act as phagocytes

Macrophages are also phagocytes and start with an M, so microglial are like macrophages (they phagocotyze)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

line cavities, cillia circulate fluid

33
Q

Function of schwann cells

A

myelinate axons in pns
COPS- CNS=oligodendrocytes, PNS=schwann

34
Q

function of satellite cells

A

sourround and support cell bodies

35
Q

Which cells make CSF

A

Endothelial cells, made of epithelial tissue (Choroid plexus)

36
Q

Where is CSF found

A

-in subarachnoid space and ventricles
- Central canal of spinal cord

37
Q

Purpose of CSF

A
  • Nutriant rich fluid
  • Shock absorbtion/buoyancy to help float the brain
38
Q

What is Hydrocephalus and what is the primary cause of it

A

-Too much CSF
-Most common cuase is blockage of cerebral aqueduct

39
Q

Which cells create the blood brain barrier

A

Endothelial cells

40
Q

What passes through blood brain barrier

A

O2, CO2, Water, steroid hormoes

41
Q

What needs help getting through bbb

A

Glucose

42
Q

What is tightly regulated by BBB

A

pH changers

43
Q

What does p-glycoprotein do

A

Pump things out of the brain that pass through the BBB. Use ATP.
- Example is chemo drugs- bad that it does, but it does. If chemo drug gets in brain, p-glycprotein pumps back out (bad <:()

44
Q

Functions of BBB

A
  1. Ion balance
  2. Keep NT’s in brain
  3. Protect from toxins/pathogens
45
Q

What are circumventricular organs

A

parts of the brain outside of BBB
- Most have functions next to the blood or needing to interact w blood

46
Q

Examples of circumventricular organs

A
  • Area of postrema (Contain chemoreceptors, trigger vommiting)
  • Posterior Pituitary(- Neurohypothesis- release hormones to put them directly into blood)
47
Q

Why is constant blood pressure important in the brain

A

-Perfusion of brain tissue

48
Q

What is a gap junction/signficance

A

Neurons directly touch one another with gap junction- electrical synapse, rarer

49
Q

Most common type of synapse

A

chemical

50
Q

What is found in post synaptic densities

A

Neurotransmitter receptors

51
Q

What is found in presynaptic terminal

A

Vesicles of NT

52
Q

What do dendritic spines do

A

Motivation, learning, memory,
lots of ribosomes and RNA to grow spines
Grow and solidify connections between 2 neurons

53
Q

Botulinum A vs B

A

A: cleaves SNAP-25, which is needed for ACch to bind to membrane for exocytosis
B: cleaves synaptobrevin–>blocks AcH release completely

54
Q

How many axons do oligodendrocites connect to

A

many axons

55
Q

How many axons do schwann cells connect to

A

only 1 axon

56
Q

What are EPSPs and ISPSs classified as

A

graded potentials

57
Q

What does teatnus do

A

blocks inhibitory signals so muscles contract out of control

58
Q

What ion currents cause depolarizing GP’s

A

NA+ or Ca2+ influx

59
Q

What causes ion currents causing hyperpolarizing GP’s

A

K+ efflux or Cl- influx

60
Q

Most common inhibitory NT’s

A

GABA or glycine

61
Q

Most common excitatory NTs

A

Glutamate or Serotonin

62
Q

What is a renshaw cell

A

inhibitory interneuron that inhibits same motor neuron it is stimulated by
-Called presynaptic inhibition

63
Q

Describe stretch reflex

A

EPSP in quad causes contraction, IPSP in hamsting causes relaxation at same time

64
Q

give example of post synaptic inhibition

A

in stretch reflex, the inhibitory interneuron ensures hamstring doesn’t contract

65
Q

Describe wallerian degeneration

A

Axon damage leads to degeneration of axon from injury site to terminal

66
Q

Describe denervation hypersensitivity

A

muscle cell upregulates nicotinic Ach Receptors

67
Q

What is the action of a NT the result of

A

Not of the neurotransmitter itself, but of the receptor

68
Q

What are ionotropic receptors

A

ligand gated ion channels
Receptor is also channel

69
Q

What are metabotropic receptors

A

GPCRs that lead to multiple effects
Receptor for NT is not also the channel

70
Q

Monosynaptic vs polysynaptic

A

Mono- only one synapse
poly- interneuron in chain between pre/postsynaptic

71
Q

Describe the components of muscle spindle

A

-Intrafusal fibers have contractile ends and noncontractile center
-Small diameter efferent neurons for end
-Extrafusal fibers are parallel to intrafusals

  • Static portion sense length
  • Dynamic portion senses speed of movement
72
Q

What do static vs dynamic portions of muscle spindles sense

A

-Static: length
- Dynamic: speed of movement

73
Q

How many synaptic knobs does the motor neuron have

A

average is 10,000

74
Q

What is the inverse stretch reflex also known as

A

golgi tendon reflex

75
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies of neuron

76
Q

In what parts of the nervous system are parasympathetic vs sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic is only in cranial and sacral nerves
sympathetic is in thoracic nerves

77
Q

Compare pre and post ganglionic lengths in sympathetic vs parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic: Long pre ganglionic, short post ganglionic

Sympathetic: Short pre ganglionic, Long post ganglionic

78
Q
A

Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions