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Physiology > Immune System (day 1, extra recording) > Flashcards

Immune System (day 1, extra recording) Flashcards

1
Q

Which immune system is non-specific?

A

Innate immune system

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2
Q

Which immune system doeesn’t have memory

A

Innate

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3
Q

Which system do phagocytes NK cells, and antimicrobial proteins belong to?

A

Innate

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4
Q

Which system needs multiple exposures to have an adequate defense?

A

Adaptive

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5
Q

Which system uses CT cells and cell-mediated immunity/humoral immunity?

A

Adaptive

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6
Q

Which cells are associated with cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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7
Q

Which cells are associated with humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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8
Q

Which cells are lymphocytes?

A

B, T, and NK cells

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9
Q

Where do we find lymphocytes?

A

Lymph nodes

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10
Q

Which lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immunity and which are part of innate immunity?

A

B and T cells are adaptive, NK cells are inate

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11
Q

Which cells have MHC1 vs MHC2 complexes on them?

A

All cells but RBC’s have MHC1, Immune cells have MHC2

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12
Q

What is the general life cycle of a T cell?

A

Produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus, sent to blood stream and lymphatic tissue

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13
Q

What is the function of a T cell

A

Recognize antigen in combination with MHC proteins to activate immune response

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of T cells

A

Helper T cells: First to be activated, activate others
Cytotoxic T cells: Bind to and directly kill antigens
Regulatory T cells: Limit immune response
Memory T cells: Secondary Response

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15
Q

Which T cells are the first to be activated?

A

Helper T cells

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16
Q

Which T cells directly bind to and kill antigens, and which type of immunity is this?

A

Cytotoxic T cells, Cellular immunity

17
Q

What is the general life cycle of a B lymphocyte

A

Made in bone marrow, mature in bone marrow

18
Q

What is the main funciton of a B cell?

A

make antibodies

19
Q

How many different kinds of antibodies can one b cell produce?

A

Only one antibody

20
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

An activated B cell that has been sent into the blood stream to make antibodies

21
Q

What system are TLR’s in?

A

Innate immunity, provide primary stimulus for cell’s innate response to invaders

22
Q

What are NOD proteins and which system are they in? What disease are they commonly related to?

A

Intracellular receptors that detect bacteria. They are in the innate immunity and are related to chron’s disease

23
Q

What happens after TLR and NOD proteins are activated?

A

This leads to cytokine release or activation of the compliment system

24
Q

How do you activate the innate immune system response?

A

TLR receptors on cell surface give stimulus that there is an invader. NOD proteins inside the cell detect bacteria. This leads to cytokine release and activation of compliment system

25
Q

How is the active immune system activated?

A

1.APC (macrophages or dendritic cells, etc) with MHC2 receptor encounters an invader in the blood
2. APC binds antigen of invader to MHC complex and brings it to the helper T cell (CD4), binds the antigen to the T Cell receptor
3. When that T cell binds to the antigen, it causes the release of IL4 and cytokines, then further activating other T cells and activating CT (CD8) cells. Activates B cells to produce antibodies against antigen from pathogen.

26
Q

General actions of IgG, IgA, IgM,IgD, and IgE

A

IgG/IgM: Complement
IgA: Secretions
IgD: Antigen recognition B cells
IgE: Cause Histamine release

26
Q

What does the complement system ultamately lead to?

A

Cell lysis

27
Q

Describe PLANO

A

PLANO is an acronym to remember antigen-antibody complex functions.
P: Precipitation (soluble antigens)
L:lysis
A:Agglutination (cell bound antigens)
N:Neutralization
O:Opsonization(flag molecule to be engulfed by macrophages)

28
Q

Which cells are phagocytic and make first contact with Pathogens?

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

Which blood cell is most abundant?

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

Which cell is specialized in viral and cancerous cells?

A

NK cells

31
Q

Which cell releases histamines and is associated with allergies?

A

Mast cells. IgE is associated with allergies, too.

32
Q

Describe the physiological pathway of tissue injury

A
  1. Tissue injury leads to histamine release, NF-kB activation which starts transcription of inflammatory mediators, and cytokine/chemical release
  2. This leads to vasodialation, increased permeability, and chemotaxis.
  3. This leads to increased blood flow, fluid and leukocytes enter interstitial space, and leukocyte/phagocytes migrate to injury.
  4. This leads to the delivery of cells and clotting factors, clearning out toxins and debreis, and blood clotting.
33
Q

How are the 4 cardnal signs of inflammation related to tissue injury?

A

Heat and redness are caused by increased blood flow to the site of injury (caused by vasodialation and increased capillary permiability).
Pain is caused by the chemicals that are released from the cells that are injured
Swelling is caused from the leukocyte and phagocyte migration to the injury as well as the fluid that enters the interstitial space

Physiology (8 decks)

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