Endocrine phys part 1

Question 1

Where is a neurotransmitter released into

Answer 1

synapse

Question 2

Where is a hormone released into

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

Where is a neurohorome released to

Answer 3

blood

Question 4

What is the signal type in the nervous system

Answer 4

frequency modulated

Question 5

What is the signal type of endocrine system

Answer 5

amplitude modulated

Question 6

Time course of nervous system vs endocrine system

Answer 6

Nervous: quickly on and quickly off
Endocrine/norendocrine: Slow on, slow off

Question 7

Most common hormone types in the body

Answer 7

peptides (short chains of amino acids)

Question 8

How do all peptides act

Answer 8

via cell membrane receptors (do not get inside of cell, act on surface)

Question 9

What type of channel receptors are used for peptides

Answer 9

GPCR mostly

Question 10

Do steroids and thyroid hormones act intracellularly or extracellularly

Answer 10

Intracellularly- bind to receptor and move to nucleus, activate or inactivate transcription
-Very small, diffuse through membrane

Question 11

What is the humoral stimulus

Answer 11

Level of a substance stimulates a gland to release a hormone

Question 12

What is a neural stimulus

Answer 12

Have a neuron directly stimulate a gland to release a hormone

Question 13

What is a hormonal stimulus

Answer 13

Tropic hormones stimulate a gland to release another hormone

Question 14

What is a tropic hormone that causes growth when they are released called

Answer 14

Trophic hormone

Question 15

What type of feedback are hormonal stimuli typically

Answer 15

negative feedback loops

Question 16

What is a tropic hormone

Answer 16

any hormone that triggers release of another hormone

Question 17

Example of chronic hormone secretion pattern

Answer 17

Thyroid hormone

Question 18

Example of acute hormone secretion pattern

Answer 18

Epinephrine during exercise (has stimulus)

Question 19

Example of cyclic hormone secretion pattern

Answer 19

Cortisol during morning or estrogen in the menstrul cycle

Question 20

What are 4 factors that dictate the circulating levels of hormones

Answer 20

1. rate and pattern of secretion
2. rate of degredation
3. receptor binding
   4.affinity to plasma carriers

Question 21

What type of carriers do steroid hormones need

Answer 21

protein carriers (most bound to steroid binding proteins(SBP) or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG))

Question 22

What is the function of sex hormone-binding globulins

Answer 22

help with transportation, create resovoir

Question 23

Can free or bound hormones act

Answer 23

only free hormones, not bound (when bound, inactive)

Question 24

What part of the brain is the hypothalamus in

Answer 24

diencephalon

Question 25

How does the hypothalamus control anterior pituitary

Answer 25

hormones (blood)

Question 26

How does hypothalamus control posterior pituitary

Answer 26

neurons

Question 27

Function of anterior pituitary

Answer 27

release hormones into blood

Question 28

Function of posterior pituitary

Answer 28

neuroendocrine- release neurotransmitters into blood

Question 29

function of capillary bed superior to the pituitary

Answer 29

pick up neural hormones from hypothalamus

Question 30

Function of capillary bed in anterior pituitary

Answer 30

1.Drop off neurohormones from hypothalamus
2. pick up anterior pituitary hormones

Question 31

Where are the posterior pituitary hormones made

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

What are the 2 posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 32

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 33

What is pitocin

Answer 33

synthetic version of oxytocin, stimulate contractions to induce labor